摘要：本文以陈勇主任的讲座为引子，深入探讨了焦树德老先生提出的“治咳七法”。焦老在《中医内科学》、《临床经验辑要》、《医学实践录》中多次谈及“治咳七法”，并强调灵活运用、辨证论治的核心理念。文章通过解析“治咳七法”的具体内容，结合临床案例，阐述了麻杏石甘汤与麻杏二三
摘要：
本文以陈勇主任的讲座为引子，深入探讨了焦树德老先生提出的“治咳七法”。焦老在《中医内科学》、《临床经验辑要》、《医学实践录》中多次谈及“治咳七法”，并强调灵活运用、辨证论治的核心理念。文章通过解析“治咳七法”的具体内容，结合临床案例，阐述了麻杏石甘汤与麻杏二三汤在治疗咳嗽中的灵活应用，并强调了树德医派中医传承的重要性。本文旨在为中医临床工作者提供有益的参考和启示。
关键词：焦树德；治咳七法；辨证论治；麻杏石甘汤；麻杏二三汤；中医传承
引言：
咳嗽作为临床常见病症，其病因复杂，治法多样。焦树德老先生作为中医界的泰斗，对咳嗽的诊治有着独到的见解和丰富的临床经验。他在多部著作中谈及“治咳七法”，每一次都有新的心得和体会，强调了灵活运用、辨证论治的重要性。本文将以焦树德三名传承工作站，陈勇主任的讲座为线索，深入探析焦老的“治咳七法”，并结合临床案例，探讨其在实际应用中的价值和意义。
正文：
一、焦树德老经典“治咳七法”概述
焦树德老先生在《中医内科学》、《临床经验辑要》、《医学实践录》中多次谈及“治咳七法”，每一次的阐述都有所不同，但都围绕着一个核心理念：灵活运用，辨证论治。焦老认为，病有千端，法有万变，圆机活法，存乎其人。治疗咳嗽，必须根据患者的具体病情，灵活选用合适的方法，才能达到最佳的治疗效果。
“治咳七法”具体包括：疏风宣肺法、散寒宣肺法、清肺化痰法、润燥养肺法、泻肝清肺法、健脾化痰法、补肾纳气法。每一种方法都适用于特定的咳嗽类型和病因，如疏风宣肺法适用于外感风寒所致的咳嗽，清肺化痰法适用于肺热炽盛所致的咳嗽等。
二、陈勇主任对“治咳七法”的解读与实践
在陈勇主任的讲座中，他深情地谈到了焦树德老先生的“治咳七法”，并强调了其在实际应用中的重要性。陈主任认为，焦老的“治咳七法”不仅是对咳嗽治疗的系统总结，更是中医辨证论治思想的生动体现。
陈主任指出，在运用“治咳七法”时，必须注重以下几个方面：
1. 辨证准确：首先要对患者的病情进行全面细致的分析，明确咳嗽的病因、病性、病位，这是选择治疗方法的前提。
2. 灵活选用：根据辨证结果，灵活选用合适的方法。如外感风寒所致的咳嗽，应选用疏风宣肺法；肺热炽盛所致的咳嗽，应选用清肺化痰法等。
3. 随证加减：在具体运用时，还要根据患者的具体症状表现进行随证加减。如患者伴有咽痛、口干等症状，可在清肺化痰法的基础上加入清热解毒、生津润燥的药物。
4. 注重调养：在治疗过程中，还要注重调养患者的身体，增强患者的体质，提高抗病能力，从而巩固治疗效果，防止复发。
三、麻杏石甘汤与麻杏二三汤的灵活应用
在陈勇主任的讲座中，他还特别提到了两个经典的治咳嗽方剂：麻杏石甘汤和麻杏二三汤。这两个方剂在治疗咳嗽中具有重要的地位和作用。
1. 麻杏石甘汤：麻杏石甘汤出自《伤寒论》，具有辛凉宣泄、清肺平喘的功效。适用于外感风热或风寒郁而化热所致的咳嗽，症见发热、咳嗽、气急、口渴、舌红苔黄等。
临床案例：患者张某，男，45岁。因外感风热而出现发热、咳嗽、气急等症状。经辨证后选用麻杏石甘汤治疗，3剂后症状明显减轻，继续服用3剂后痊愈。
2. 麻杏二三汤：麻杏二三汤是在麻杏石甘汤的基础上加减而成的方剂，具有宣肺止咳、化痰平喘的功效。适用于各种咳嗽，尤其是咳嗽伴有痰多、气喘等症状者。
临床案例：患者李某，女，38岁。因外感风寒而出现咳嗽、痰多、气喘等症状。经辨证后选用麻杏二三汤治疗，5剂后症状明显减轻，继续服用5剂后痊愈。
陈主任强调，麻杏石甘汤和麻杏二三汤在治疗咳嗽中具有重要的地位和作用，但具体应用时还需根据患者的具体病情进行辨证分析，灵活选用和随证加减。如患者伴有咽痛、口干等症状，可在麻杏石甘汤或麻杏二三汤的基础上加入清热解毒、生津润燥的药物；如患者伴有气虚乏力等症状，可在原方的基础上加入益气健脾的药物等。
四、“治咳七法”与中医传承
在讲座的最后部分，陈勇主任深情地谈到了中医传承的重要性。他指出，焦树德老先生的“治咳七法”不仅是对咳嗽治疗的系统总结，更是中医宝贵的精神财富。作为中医临床工作者，我们有责任和义务将这份财富传承下去，发扬光大。
陈主任认为，中医传承不仅是对经典理论和方剂的学习和应用，更是对中医思维和方法的传承和发扬。在学习和应用“治咳七法”时，我们要注重理解和掌握其背后的中医思维和方法，如辨证论治的思维、整体观的思维、平衡观的思维等。只有这样，我们才能真正地理解和掌握“治咳七法”，并在临床实践中灵活运用、取得佳绩。
同时，陈主任还强调了中医传承的多样性和创新性。他认为，中医传承不仅是对传统理论和方剂的学习和传承，更是对传统理论和方剂的创新和发展。在学习和应用“治咳七法”时，我们要注重结合现代医学的研究成果和技术手段，进行创新和探索。如结合现代药理研究对传统方剂进行改良和优化；结合现代诊断技术对咳嗽的病因和病机进行更深入的研究和分析等。只有这样，我们才能不断地推动中医事业的发展和进步。
结论：
本文通过对焦树德老先生“治咳七法”的深入探析和陈勇主任讲座的解读，阐述了“治咳七法”的具体内容和临床应用价值。文章指出，“治咳七法”是中医辨证论治思想的生动体现，具有灵活多变、随证加减的特点。在实际应用中，必须注重辨证准确、灵活选用、随证加减和注重调养等方面。同时，文章还强调了麻杏石甘汤和麻杏二三汤在治疗咳嗽中的重要地位和作用，并指出了中医传承的重要性和多样性。本文旨在为中医临床工作者提供有益的参考和启示，推动中医事业的发展和进步。
致谢：
感谢陈勇主任的精彩讲座和无私分享，为我们提供了宝贵的学习机会和启示。同时，也感谢焦树德老先生等中医前辈们为中医事业做出的杰出贡献和留下的宝贵财富。愿中医事业蒸蒸日上，造福更多的患者和人民。
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京厚德为怀医生集团渐冻症研究中心主任，北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。
Analysis and practice of Jiao Shude's classic "Seven Methods for Treating Cough".
Summary:
This article takes Director Chen Yong's lecture as an introduction and deeply discusses the "Seven Methods for Treating Cough" proposed by Mr. Jiao Shude. Jiao Lao talked about the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" many times in "Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Compendium of Clinical Experience" and "Medical Practice Record", and emphasized the core concepts of flexible application and syndrome differentiation and treatment. By analyzing the specific content of the "Seven Methods for Treating Cough" and combining with clinical cases, this paper expounds the flexible application of Ma Xing Shi Gantang and Ma Xing 23 Tang in the treatment of cough, and emphasizes the importance of the inheritance of Shude School of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The purpose of this article is to provide useful reference and enlightenment for TCM clinicians.
Keywords: Jiao Shude; Seven methods for cough treatment; Syndrome differentiation; Ma Xing Shi Gantang; two or three soups of apricots; Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance
Introduction:
As a common clinical condition, the etiology of cough is complex and the treatment methods are diverse. As a leader in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, Mr. Jiao Shude has unique insights and rich clinical experience in the diagnosis and treatment of cough. He talked about the "Seven Methods of Treating Cough" in many books, and each time he had new experiences and experiences, emphasizing the importance of flexible application and dialectical treatment. This article will take the lectures of Jiao Shude's three inheritance workstations and Director Chen Yong as clues to deeply explore Jiao Lao's "Seven Methods for Treating Cough", and discuss its value and significance in practical application in combination with clinical cases.
Body:
1. Overview of Jiao Shude's old classic "Seven Methods for Treating Cough".
Mr. Jiao Shude has talked about the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" many times in "Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine", "Compendium of Clinical Experience" and "Medical Practice Record", and each time the exposition is different, but they all revolve around a core concept: flexible application, syndrome differentiation and treatment. Jiao Lao believes that there are thousands of diseases, there are thousands of changes, and the circular machine lives in the people. In the treatment of cough, it is necessary to flexibly choose the appropriate method according to the specific condition of the patient in order to achieve the best treatment effect.
The "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" include: the method of dispelling wind and promoting the lungs, the method of dissipating cold and promoting the lungs, the method of clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm, the method of moistening dryness and nourishing the lungs, the method of diarrhea and clearing the lungs, the method of strengthening the spleen and dissolving phlegm, and the method of tonifying the kidney and absorbing qi. Each method is suitable for a specific type of cough and etiology, for example, the method of clearing the lungs is suitable for cough caused by external wind and cold, and the method of clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm is suitable for cough caused by hot lungs.
2. Director Chen Yong's interpretation and practice of the "Seven Methods for Treating Cough".
In Director Chen Yong's lecture, he affectionately talked about Mr. Jiao Shude's "Seven Methods for Treating Cough" and emphasized its importance in practical application. Director Chen believes that Jiao Lao's "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" is not only a systematic summary of cough treatment, but also a vivid embodiment of the idea of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.
Director Chen pointed out that when using the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment", we must pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Accurate syndrome differentiation: First of all, a comprehensive and detailed analysis of the patient's condition should be carried out to clarify the etiology, nature and location of the cough, which is the premise of selecting the treatment method.
2. Flexible selection: According to the results of syndrome differentiation, flexibly select appropriate methods. If the cough is caused by external wind and cold, the method of dispelling wind and promoting the lungs should be used; For cough caused by hot lungs, the method of clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm should be used.
3. Addition and subtraction with the syndrome: In the specific application, it is also necessary to add or subtract with the syndrome according to the specific symptoms of the patient. If the patient is accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat and dry mouth, drugs can be added on the basis of the method of clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm.
4. Pay attention to recuperation: In the process of treatment, we should also pay attention to recuperate the patient's body, enhance the patient's physique, and improve the ability to resist disease, so as to consolidate the treatment effect and prevent recurrence.
3. The flexible application of Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang and Ma Xing 23 Soup
In Director Chen Yong's lecture, he also mentioned two classic cough remedies: Ma Xing Shi Gantang and Ma Xing Ersan Tang. These two formulas play an important role in the treatment of cough.
1. Ma Xing Shi Gantang: Ma Xing Shi Gantang is from "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", which has the effect of spicy and cool catharsis, clearing the lungs and relieving asthma. It is suitable for cough caused by external wind heat or wind cold depression, with fever, cough, shortness of breath, thirst, red tongue, etc.
Clinical case: Patient Zhang, male, 45 years old. Symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath occur due to external wind and heat. After syndrome differentiation, Ma Xing Shi Gantang was used for treatment, and the symptoms were significantly reduced after 3 doses, and he was cured after continuing to take 3 doses.
2. Ma Xing 23 Soup: Ma Xing 23 Tang is a prescription made by adding or subtracting on the basis of Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang, which has the effect of relieving cough and reducing phlegm and asthma. It is suitable for all kinds of cough, especially those with cough accompanied by phlegm, asthma and other symptoms.
Clinical case: Patient Li, female, 38 years old. Symptoms such as cough, phlegm, and asthma occur due to external cold. After syndrome differentiation, Ma Xing Ersan decoction was used for treatment, and the symptoms were significantly reduced after 5 doses, and he was cured after continuing to take 5 doses.
Director Chen emphasized that Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang and Ma Xing Er San Tang have an important position and role in the treatment of cough, but the specific application needs to be analyzed according to the specific condition of the patient, and the flexible selection and addition and subtraction with the syndrome should be carried out. If the patient is accompanied by symptoms such as sore throat and dry mouth, drugs to clear heat and detoxify, and moisten dryness can be added on the basis of Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang or Ma Xing Er San Tang; If the patient is accompanied by symptoms such as qi deficiency and fatigue, drugs that invigorate qi and strengthen the spleen can be added on the basis of the original prescription.
4. "Seven Methods for Treating Cough" and the Inheritance of Traditional Chinese Medicine
In the last part of the lecture, Director Chen Yong spoke affectionately about the importance of TCM inheritance. He pointed out that Mr. Jiao Shude's "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" is not only a systematic summary of cough treatment, but also a valuable spiritual wealth of traditional Chinese medicine. As TCM clinicians, we have the responsibility and obligation to pass on this wealth and carry it forward.
Director Chen believes that the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine is not only the learning and application of classical theories and prescriptions, but also the inheritance and development of traditional Chinese medicine thinking and methods. When learning and applying the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment", we should pay attention to understanding and mastering the TCM thinking and methods behind it, such as the thinking of syndrome differentiation and treatment, the thinking of holistic view, and the thinking of balance view. Only in this way can we truly understand and master the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment", and flexibly apply them in clinical practice to achieve good results.
At the same time, Director Chen also emphasized the diversity and innovation of TCM inheritance. He believes that the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine is not only the learning and inheritance of traditional theories and prescriptions, but also the innovation and development of traditional theories and prescriptions. In the study and application of the "Seven Methods for Treating Cough", we should pay attention to combining the research results and technical means of modern medicine to innovate and explore. For example, combined with modern pharmacological research, traditional prescriptions are improved and optimized; Combined with modern diagnostic technology, more in-depth research and analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of cough are carried out. Only in this way can we continue to promote the development and progress of traditional Chinese medicine.
Conclusion:
Through the in-depth analysis of Mr. Jiao Shude's "Seven Methods for Treating Cough" and the interpretation of Director Chen Yong's lecture, this paper expounds the specific content and clinical application value of "Seven Methods for Treating Cough". The article points out that the "Seven Methods of Cough Treatment" is a vivid embodiment of the idea of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, which has the characteristics of flexibility and changeability, and adds and subtracts with syndrome. In practical application, it is necessary to pay attention to the accuracy of syndrome differentiation, flexible selection, addition and subtraction with syndrome, and pay attention to maintenance. At the same time, the article also emphasizes the important position and role of Ma Xing Shi Gantang and Ma Xing Er San Tang in the treatment of cough, and points out the importance and diversity of traditional Chinese medicine inheritance. The purpose of this paper is to provide useful reference and enlightenment for TCM clinicians, and to promote the development and progress of TCM.
Thanks:
We would like to thank Director Chen Yong for his wonderful lecture and selfless sharing, which provided us with valuable learning opportunities and inspiration. At the same time, I would also like to thank Mr. Jiao Shude and other predecessors of traditional Chinese medicine for their outstanding contributions and valuable legacy. May the cause of Chinese medicine flourish and benefit more patients and people.
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently the director of the Center for Diffusion Research of Dr. Houde Wei Group in Beijing, a researcher at the Shude Tang Institute of Chinese Medicine, and a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance work station of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023.
来源：老梁谈养生