摘要：在医学的浩瀚星空中，有一种疾病如同隐秘的星辰，虽不常闪耀于人们的视野，却时刻威胁着人类的健康——那就是肺胀，尤其是慢性阻塞性肺气肿这一常见类型。肺胀，这一古老而复杂的中医病名，在现代医学中找到了它的对应身影——慢性阻塞性肺气肿，一个让人闻之色变的慢性呼吸系统疾
在医学的浩瀚星空中，有一种疾病如同隐秘的星辰，虽不常闪耀于人们的视野，却时刻威胁着人类的健康——那就是肺胀，尤其是慢性阻塞性肺气肿这一常见类型。肺胀，这一古老而复杂的中医病名，在现代医学中找到了它的对应身影——慢性阻塞性肺气肿，一个让人闻之色变的慢性呼吸系统疾病。
一、肺胀初探：何为肺胀？
肺胀，简而言之，是肺部因长期受到各种因素的侵袭，导致肺气壅滞、肺叶膨胀、无法敛降的一种病理状态。它常继发于慢性咳嗽、哮喘等疾病之后，以胸中胀闷、咳嗽咳痰、气短喘息为主要表现。想象一下，肺部就像一只被过度吹胀的气球，失去了原有的弹性和功能，患者因此饱受呼吸困难之苦。
二、症状剖析：肺胀的“四大金刚”
肺胀的症状，犹如四位形影不离的“金刚”，时刻伴随着患者：喘、咳、痰、胀。喘息气促，咳嗽连连，痰液不断，胸部膨满如塞，这些症状构成了肺胀的典型特征。随着病情的恶化，患者还可能出现唇甲发绀（缺氧导致的皮肤黏膜发紫）、心悸浮肿，甚至昏迷、抽搐等危重症状。这些症状不仅严重影响了患者的生活质量，更是生命安全的重大威胁。
三、病程演进：从轻到重的警示灯
肺胀的病程，就像一盏逐渐熄灭的生命之灯。早期，患者可能仅有轻微的咳嗽、咳痰和疲劳感，活动后心悸气短。但随着时间的推移，肺气壅塞日益严重，胸部膨满感加剧，憋闷如塞，心悸气急加重，甚至颜面爪甲发绀。到了后期，喘咳上气进一步恶化，患者可能无法平卧，痰液增多且呈黄绿色脓痰，发绀明显，烦躁不安，神志模糊，甚至出现咯血、吐血等危重症状。这一系列的变化，如同一盏逐渐熄灭的警示灯，提醒我们必须高度重视肺胀的治疗与预防。
四、病机探秘：虚实夹杂的复杂画卷
肺胀的病机，是一幅虚实夹杂的复杂画卷。梁世杰科研团队认为肺胀多因先天禀赋不足或久病肺虚、痰浊潴留所致。气虚气滞、水停痰凝、正虚血瘀，这些病理因素相互交织，共同构成了肺胀的病机基础。气虚导致肺气不敛，气滞则使肺气难以通畅；水停痰凝则阻塞气道，加重呼吸困难；正虚血瘀则进一步损伤脏腑功能，加速病情恶化。这一系列病理变化，如同一幅错综复杂的拼图，需要我们仔细甄别、精准治疗。
五、医理阐释：标本兼治，扶正祛邪
治疗肺胀，如同在迷雾中寻找光明。中医强调标本兼治、扶正祛邪的治疗原则。感邪发作时，以祛邪为主，根据病邪的性质分别采取宣肺、化痰、利水、活血等治法；平时则以扶正为主，根据脏腑阴阳的不同分别采取补养心肺、益肾健脾等治法。正如一位高明的画师，在画布上精心勾勒、层层渲染，最终呈现出一幅和谐美丽的画面。
六、生动实例：从故事中汲取教训
让我们通过一个生动的实例来进一步理解肺胀的危害与治疗。张大爷是一位有着多年吸烟史的退休工人。几年前，他开始出现咳嗽、咳痰的症状，起初并未在意。但随着时间的推移，症状逐渐加重，他开始感到呼吸困难、胸部膨满。到医院一查，竟然是慢性阻塞性肺气肿。经过一系列的治疗和戒烟努力，张大爷的病情虽然有所缓解，但仍然需要长期用药和氧疗来维持生命。这个故事告诉我们，肺胀的防治必须趁早，一旦确诊就应积极治疗、改善生活习惯以延缓病情进展。
七、结语：守护呼吸，珍爱生命
梁世杰科研团队认为肺胀，这一看似遥远的疾病，实则与我们每个人的生活息息相关。它提醒我们要时刻关注呼吸健康、珍爱生命。通过了解肺胀的病因、症状、病程演进和治疗方法，我们可以更好地预防和治疗这一疾病。让我们携手共进，为守护呼吸健康、创造美好未来而努力奋斗！
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京厚德为怀医生集团渐冻症研究中心主任，北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。事迹荣登2024年第四季刊《当代科学家》杂志。
Pulmonary bloating, depth analysis of chronic obstructive emphysema
Among the vast stars of medicine, there is one disease that seems like a hidden star, which does not often shine in people's sight, but always threatens human health - namely, lung swelling, especially the common type of chronic obstructive emphysema. Lung distension, the ancient and complex name of traditional Chinese medicine, has found its corresponding figure in modern medical science - COPD, a chronic respiratory system disease that makes people smell pale.
I. First Investigation of Pulmonary Pulmonary: What is Pulmonary Palmonary?
Pulmonary swelling, in short, is a pathological condition of the lungs that is chronically affected by various factors, resulting in pulmonary stagnation, swelling of the pulmonary leaves, and inability to shrink. It often occurs after chronic cough, asthma and other diseases, and is mainly characterized by chest swelling, cough, sputum, shortness of breath and wheezing. Imagine that the lungs are like an overinflated balloon, losing their original elasticity and function, and sufferers suffer from breathing difficulties as a result.
II. Symptom Analysis: The "Big Four" of Pulmonary Pulmonary
The symptoms of lung swelling, like the four inseparable 'Kings', are with the patient at all times: wheezing, coughing, sputum, and swelling. Shortness of breath, a persistent cough, constant sputum, and a bulging chest. These symptoms constitute a typical feature of bloating. As the condition worsens, the patient may also develop critical symptoms such as lip gloss (purple lining of the skin due to lack of oxygen), heart palpitations and swelling, and even coma and convulsions. These symptoms not only seriously affect the quality of life of the patient, but also represent a major threat to the life safety of the patient.
III. Disease progression: warning lights from mild to severe
The course of the lung swelling is like a dying life light. In the early stages, the patient may have only a mild cough, sputum and fatigue, and short heart palpitations after activity. Over time, however, the pulmonary congestion became more and more severe, the chest felt fuller, the pressure increased, the heart palpitations increased, and even the appearance of the nails grew. At a later stage, the cough and wheezing worsen further, and the patient may not be able to lie flat, the sputum increases and becomes yellow-green pus, palpitations are obvious, restless, confused, and even develop critical symptoms such as coughing and vomiting. This series of changes, like a diminishing warning light, reminds us that we must pay great attention to the treatment and prevention of bloating.
IV. Investigation of the disease: a complex picture mixed with falsehood
The disease of pulmonary bloating is a complex picture of facts and facts. Liang Shijie's research team believes that lung distension is mostly caused by insufficiency of natural endowment or chronic illness, phlegm retention. Hypoxia, wheezing, stagnant water and sputum, hypoxia and bruising, these pathological factors are intertwined and jointly constitute the pathological basis of pulmonary bloating. Hypoxia causes the lack of air in the lungs, and stagnation makes it difficult to clear the lungs. Water stagnation blocks the airway and increases breathing difficulties; Transvasive bruising further damages the function of the meridians and accelerates the deterioration of the condition. This series of pathological changes, like an intricate puzzle, requires careful identification and precision treatment.
V. Medicinal Interpretation: Both signs and symptoms are treated to correct and eliminate evil
Healing lung swelling is like looking for light in a fog. Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the principle of treating both symptoms and healing against evil. When the evil attacks occur, it is mainly to cure the evil, and according to the nature of the evil the treatments are to spread the lungs, purify the phlegm, liquefy the water, and live blood. In general, it is mainly to promote correctness, and according to the differences between the internal organs, the yin and yang, the heart and lungs, and the kidney and spleen, respectively, are treated. Just like a brilliant painter, carefully sketches and renders layers on the canvas to finally present a harmonious and beautiful picture.
VI. Examples: Learning from Stories
Let's further understand the dangers and treatment of bloating through a vivid example. Mr. Zhang is a retired worker with a long history of smoking. A few years ago, he began to show symptoms of coughing and coughing sputum and didn't care at first. But as time went on, the symptoms got worse and he began to feel difficult to breathe and his chest swelled. When checked at the hospital, it turned out to be chronic obstructive emphysema. After a series of treatments and efforts to quit smoking, Mr. Zhang's condition, while in remission, still requires long-term medication and oxygen therapy to stay alive. This story tells us that lung bloating must be treated early, and once diagnosed, active treatment and improved lifestyle habits should be used to slow the progression of the disease.
VII. CONCLUSIONS: Protect your breath and cherish your life
Leung's team of researchers believe that lung swelling, a seemingly distant disease, is actually closely related to our lives. It reminds us to always pay attention to breathing health and treasure life. By understanding the causes, symptoms, progression and treatment of bloating, we can better prevent and treat this disease. Let us work together to protect our breathing health and create a better future!
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently the director of the Center for Diffusion Research of Dr. Houde Wei Group in Beijing, a researcher at the Shude Tang Institute of Chinese Medicine, and a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance work station of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023.The story was featured in the fourth edition of Current Scientist in 2024.
来源：老梁谈养生
