摘要：泽米尔·阿万是巴基斯坦中国问题专家，曾在中国求学。担任外交官推动中巴科技合作，现是巴基斯坦国立科技大学中国学研究中心副主任。他积极推动中巴经济走廊建设、教育与青年交流及抗疫合作，高度认可中国发展模式，获“巴中友谊使者”荣誉称号。
作者简介:
泽米尔·阿万是巴基斯坦中国问题专家，曾在中国求学。担任外交官推动中巴科技合作，现是巴基斯坦国立科技大学中国学研究中心副主任。他积极推动中巴经济走廊建设、教育与青年交流及抗疫合作，高度认可中国发展模式，获“巴中友谊使者”荣誉称号。
（下边有中文翻译请继续看到底。 谢谢。）
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has emerged as a game-changer for Pakistan, promising economic revival through extensive infrastructure development, energy projects, and enhanced regional connectivity. Among the key beneficiaries of this initiative are Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), often referred to as the “head and tail” of CPEC. Balochistan, with its strategically located Gwadar Port, and GB, serving as the corridor’s gateway to China, hold immense importance for the success of this grand enterprise.
Completed CPEC Projects in Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan
Balochistan: Gwadar Port Development: Investments have transformed Gwadar into a deep-sea port, paving the way for regional trade and transshipment activities.
Gwadar East Bay Expressway: A $140 million expressway connecting Gwadar Port to Pakistan’s national highway network, ensuring smooth cargo transportation.
Hub Power Plant: A 1,320 MW coal-fired power plant supplying electricity to the national grid, alleviating power shortages.
New Gwadar International Airport: A $240 million project funded by China, designed to cater to increasing air traffic and economic activities.
Gilgit-Baltistan: Karakoram Highway (KKH) Phase II: The Havelian-Thakot section has been upgraded, strengthening trade and travel routes between Pakistan and China.
Cross-Border Optical Fiber Cable: A digital connectivity project linking Khunjerab to Rawalpindi, enhancing telecommunication infrastructure.
Ongoing and Planned CPEC Projects in Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan
Balochistan:Gwadar Smart Port City Master Plan: A comprehensive blueprint to develop Gwadar into a modern pIort city with world-class amenities.
Gwadar Free Zone: Establishment of an industrial free zone to attract investment and boost local economic activities.
Gwadar East Bay Expressway Expansion: Further enhancements to optimize cargo transportation and logistics.
Gilgit-Baltistan: Gilgit-Shandur Road: Upgrading of this critical route to enhance connectivity and tourism potential.
Hydropower Projects: Several small and medium-sized hydropower projects aimed at addressing the region’s energy needs sustainably.
Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) and Government Initiatives
Recognizing the strategic importance of Balochistan and GB, the Government of Pakistan has allocated substantial funds under the PSDP and other federal initiatives.
Balochistan: PSDP Allocation: In the 2024-2025 fiscal year, 70% of uplift schemes in Balochistan were approved, reflecting a strong commitment to its development.
Sectoral Investments: The provincial government allocated Rs. 26 billion (11% of PSDP) for school education and Rs. 20 billion (8%) for healthcare.
Southern Balochistan Development Package: A Rs. 601 billion initiative covering around 200 projects, with the federal government financing 90% of the costs.
Gilgit-Baltistan: PSDP Allocation: The federal government allocated Rs. 28,450 million to GB in the 2024-2025 budget, with Rs. 500 million for new projects and Rs. 27,950 million for ongoing schemes.
Donor-Funded Projects in Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan
Both provinces have attracted international attention, leading to various donor-funded initiatives.
Balochistan: World Bank and ADB Projects: Focused on education, healthcare, and infrastructure to improve quality of life.
Gilgit-Baltistan: UNDP and USAID Initiatives: Programs targeting environmental conservation, tourism promotion, and community development.
Investment vs. Population ShareA closer analysis of investment allocation reveals that Balochistan and GB receive funding that surpasses their proportional share of Pakistan’s population.
Balochistan: Despite accounting for approximately 6% of Pakistan’s population, the province receives a disproportionate share of development funds. For instance, the Southern Balochistan Development Package alone amounts to Rs. 601 billion, underscoring substantial federal investment.
Gilgit-Baltistan: With a population of around 1.5 million (less than 1% of Pakistan’s total population), GB’s allocation of Rs. 28,450 million in the PSDP indicates a strong commitment to regional development.
Challenges and the Need for Local Engagement
While substantial investments are being made, a significant challenge remains: ensuring that the educated youth and professionals from Balochistan and GB actively participate in their regions’ economic transformation.
Brain Drain: Many educated individuals from these regions prefer to settle in major urban centers like Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad, rather than contributing to their hometowns.
Political Disengagement: Elected representatives often relocate to big cities, limiting their connection with constituents and reducing the effectiveness of local governance.
Encouraging Middle-Class Involvement: The emerging middle class must be motivated to take ownership of local development, leveraging education and skills to drive economic progress.
The Road Ahead: A Call for Sustainable Development
CPEC presents an unparalleled opportunity for Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan to emerge as economic powerhouses. However, sustainable progress hinges on several factors:
Capacity Building: Investments in technical education, vocational training, and entrepreneurship programs tailored to regional industries.
Decentralization of Economic Activity: Encouraging businesses to set up operations within Balochistan and GB, reducing dependency on major urban centers.
Public-Private Partnerships: Mobilizing private sector investment alongside government initiatives to ensure balanced economic growth.
Community Participation: Grassroots involvement in decision-making processes to ensure development initiatives align with local needs.
Summary
The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor is a transformative force for Pakistan’s economy, with Balochistan and Gilgit-Baltistan playing indispensable roles. Through continued investment, strategic planning, and active local participation, these regions can harness the full potential of CPEC. However, the success of this endeavor ultimately depends on fostering an environment where economic progress benefits the local population, ensuring long-term sustainability and inclusive growth. By embracing this vision, Pakistan can truly realize the promise of CPEC, turning its “head and tail” into the pillars of national prosperity.
中巴经济走廊（CPEC）已成为巴基斯坦的变革者，通过广泛的基础设施建设、能源项目和加强区域互联互通，有望实现经济复苏。这一倡议的主要受益者包括俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦（GB），它们通常被称为中巴经济走廊的“头和尾”。俾路支省拥有战略位置优越的瓜达尔港，而巴基斯坦作为走廊通往中国的门户，对这一宏伟事业的成功至关重要。
完成俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦的中巴经济走廊项目
俾路支省：瓜达尔港发展：投资使瓜达尔港成为一个深海港口，为区域贸易和转运活动铺平了道路。
瓜达尔东湾高速公路：这条耗资1.4亿美元的高速公路将瓜达尔港与巴基斯坦国家公路网连接起来，确保货物运输顺畅。
枢纽电厂：1320兆瓦燃煤电厂，向国家电网供电，缓解电力短缺。
新瓜达尔国际机场：由中国出资2.4亿美元的项目，旨在满足日益增长的空中交通和经济活动。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦：喀喇昆仑公路（KKH）二期：哈维利安-塔科特路段已经升级，加强了巴基斯坦和中国之间的贸易和旅游路线。
跨境光纤电缆：连接红其拉甫和拉瓦尔品第的数字连接项目，加强电信基础设施。
在俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦正在进行和计划中的中巴经济走廊项目
俾路支省：瓜达尔智慧港口城市总体规划：将瓜达尔发展成为拥有世界一流设施的现代化港口城市的综合蓝图。
瓜达尔自由区：建立工业自由区，吸引投资，促进当地经济活动。
瓜达尔东湾高速公路扩建：进一步加强优化货物运输和物流。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦：吉尔吉特-山都尔公路：升级这条关键路线将增强连通性和旅游潜力。
水电项目：一些中小型项目旨在可持续地解决该地区的能源需求。
公共部门发展计划（PSDP）和政府举措
巴基斯坦政府认识到俾路支省和俾路支省的战略重要性，已根据PSDP和其他联邦倡议拨出大量资金。
俾路支省：PSDP分配：在2024-2025财政年度，俾路支省70%的抬升计划获得批准，反映了对其发展的坚定承诺。
部门投资：省政府为学校教育拨款260亿卢比（占社会发展计划的11%），为医疗保健拨款200亿卢比（占8%）。
南俾路支省发展一揽子计划：总额6010亿卢比，涵盖约200个项目，其中90%的成本由联邦政府资助。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦：PSDP拨款：联邦政府在2024-2025年预算中向GB拨款284.5亿卢比，其中5亿卢比用于新项目，279.5亿卢比用于正在进行的计划。
捐助者在俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦资助的项目
这两个省都吸引了国际社会的关注，导致了各种捐助者资助的倡议。
俾路支省：世界银行和亚行项目：重点关注教育、医疗保健和基础设施，以提高生活质量。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦：联合国开发计划署和美国国际开发署倡议：旨在保护环境、促进旅游和社区发展的项目。
对投资分配的进一步分析表明，俾路支省和俾路支省获得的资金超过了它们在巴基斯坦人口中所占的比例。
俾路支省：尽管该省人口约占巴基斯坦人口的6%，但却获得了不成比例的发展基金份额。例如，仅南部俾路支省一揽子发展计划就高达6010亿卢比，突显了联邦政府的大量投资。
吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦：人口约为150万（不到巴基斯坦总人口的1%），印度政府在PSDP中拨款284.5亿卢比，表明了对地区发展的坚定承诺。
挑战和地方参与的需要
虽然进行了大量投资，但仍然存在一个重大挑战：确保来自俾路支省和俾路支省的受过教育的青年和专业人员积极参与本地区的经济转型。
人才流失：来自这些地区的许多受过教育的人更愿意在卡拉奇、拉合尔和伊斯兰堡等主要城市中心定居，而不是为家乡做出贡献。
政治脱离：当选代表经常搬到大城市，限制了他们与选民的联系，降低了地方治理的有效性。
鼓励中产阶级的参与：必须激励新兴的中产阶级参与当地的发展，利用教育和技能来推动经济进步。
前路：可持续发展的呼唤
中巴经济走廊为俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦成为经济强国提供了无与伦比的机会。然而，可持续进展取决于几个因素：
能力建设：投资于技术教育、职业培训和适合地区工业的创业项目。
经济活动分散化：鼓励企业在俾路支省和俾路支省开展业务，减少对主要城市中心的依赖。
公私伙伴关系：动员私营部门投资，配合政府举措，确保平衡的经济增长。
社区参与：基层参与决策过程，确保发展举措符合当地需求。
总结
中巴经济走廊是巴基斯坦经济转型的力量，俾路支省和吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦发挥着不可或缺的作用。通过持续的投资、战略规划和当地的积极参与，这些地区可以充分利用中巴经济走廊的潜力。然而，这一努力的成功最终取决于营造一个经济进步惠及当地人民的环境，确保长期可持续性和包容性增长。只有秉持这一理念，巴基斯坦才能真正实现中巴经济走廊的承诺，把“头和尾”变成国家繁荣的支柱。
Note: The data is taken from open source and rather old. For up-dated, you may consult the relevant Ministry/ Department, please. 注意：这些数据来自开放源码，而且相当陈旧。有关最新情况，请向有关部委咨询。
( 注意： 本文是用AI翻译的，或有误差。请以原版英文为准。谢谢。)
来源：时代传媒1号