物流系统规划与设计（八）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅲ

摘要：社会物流系统规划设计是通过对多种资源的整合，形成服务于一个城市、一个区域甚至一个国家或一个国家集团的社会基础服务体系，以提升全社会物流服务水平，降低物流成本。它通过将物流活动纳人整个社会活动加以调控，其目的在于协调社会资源配置与企业经济活动之间的关系，构建

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"Logistics system Planning and Design (8): Overview of Logistics System Planning and DesignⅢ"

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五、物流系统规划与设计的分类Classification of logistics system planning and design

（一）社会物流系统规划与设计Social logistics system planning and design

社会物流系统规划设计是通过对多种资源的整合，形成服务于一个城市、一个区域甚至一个国家或一个国家集团的社会基础服务体系，以提升全社会物流服务水平，降低物流成本。它通过将物流活动纳人整个社会活动加以调控，其目的在于协调社会资源配置与企业经济活动之间的关系，构建一种良好的投资环境和社会活动基础，使整个社会物流系统可持续发展。

The planning and design of a social logistics system involves the integration of various resources to form a social infrastructure service system serving a city, a region, or even a country or a group of countries, in order to improve the overall social logistics service level and reduce logistics costs. It regulates logistics activities by incorporating them into the entire social activity, with the aim of coordinating the relationship between social resource allocation and corporate economic activities, building a good investment environment and social activity foundation, and enabling the sustainable development of the entire social logistics system.

社会物流系统是国民经济活动和区域经济发展的动脉，是联系生产与消费的纽带，是社会发展和人民生活水平提高的基础条件，也是衡量一个国家或区域现代化程度的重要标志之一。

The social logistics system is the artery of national economic activities and regional economic development, the link between production and consumption, the basic condition for social development and the improvement of people's living standards, and one of the important indicators to measure the degree of modernization of a country or region.

世界各国都将构筑社会物流系统作为增强综合竞争能力的基础要素和重要战略措施。西方发达国家早在几十年前，就通过加大国家基础设施建设的投入、在税收等方面给予优惠等方式，促进社会化物流系统的形成和发展。

Countries around the world consider building social logistics systems as a fundamental element for enhancing comprehensive competitiveness and an important strategic measure. Developed Western countries began decades ago to promote the formation and development of socialized logistics systems by increasing investment in national infrastructure construction and providing preferential treatment in taxation and other aspects.

1.国家级物流系统规划National logistics system planning

国家级物流系统规划是着重以物流系统的基础设施和物流基础网络为内容的物流基础平台规划，应与国家的基础设施建设的政策相吻合。物流系统基础平台规划应包括铁路、公路与航空等主要干线的规划，不同干线的合理布局，综合物流枢纽节点的规划，以及综合信息网络平台的规划。其重点在于如何建立社会物流系统的中枢网络，核心是主枢纽城市的选择和联系主枢纽城市的主干线通道建设。

The national-level logistics system planning focuses on the logistics infrastructure and logistics basic network as its content, and should be consistent with the national infrastructure construction policy. The logistics system basic platform planning should include the planning of major trunk lines such as railways, highways, and aviation, the rational layout of different trunk lines, the planning of comprehensive logistics hub nodes, and the planning of a comprehensive information network platform. The focus is on how to establish the central network of the social logistics system, with the core being the selection of main hub cities and the construction of trunk line channels connecting these main hub cities.

2.省、市或区城级物流系统规划Provincial, municipal or district-level logistics system planning

省、市或区域级物流系统规划应从区域经济发展的角度出发，研究区域物流系统对区域经济的促进和带动作用，着重地区级物流节点以及综合物流园区的规模和布局的规划。在规划过程中，首先要解决与中枢网络的衔接，然后解决如何利用中枢网络发展各自区域的物流系统，发挥物流节点的集散功能，提高物流效率。在区域物流平台上，将对大量的企业与经济事业单位进行物流运作，要使这些运作做到合理化和协调发展，需要有规划的指导。

The planning of provincial, municipal, or regional logistics systems should start from the perspective of regional economic development, studying the promotion and driving effect of the regional logistics system on the regional economy, focusing on the planning of the scale and layout of regional logistics nodes and comprehensive logistics parks. In the planning process, it is necessary to first solve the connection with the central network, and then solve how to use the central network to develop the logistics system of each region, give full play to the distribution function of logistics nodes, and improve logistics efficiency. On the regional logistics platform, a large number of Enterprises and economic units will carry out logistics operations. To rationalize and coordinate these operations, planning guidance is needed.

（二）企业物流系统规划与设计Enterprise logistics system planning and design

企业物流系统是从企业角度研究与之有关的物流活动，是具体的、微观的物流活动，它是指某一企业或部门为了满足一定的物流服务需求，实现具体的物流服务目标而构建的物流服务系统。

A corporate logistics system studies logistics activities related to a company from the company's perspective. It is a specific, micro-level logistics activity. It refers to a logistics service system constructed by a certain company or department to meet certain logistics service needs and achieve specific logistics service goals.

生产企业、销售企业、消费者个人等是物流服务的需求者，他们在生产经营或生活过程中产生了物流服务需求，这种物流服务需求的满足方式既可以采用“自给自足”的方式，也可以由专业物流服务提供商即第三方物流企业来承担。

Manufacturing enterprises, sales enterprises, individual consumers, and others are demanders of logistics services. They generate logistics service needs during production, operation, or life processes. These logistics service needs can be met through a "self-sufficiency" approach or by professional logistics service providers, i.e., third-party logistics companies.

从企业的物流活动的范围与业务性质来看，物流系统的规划与设计应包括生产物流系统、供应物流系统、销售物流系统、回收物流系统、废弃物流系统的规划与设计。企业类型不同，其所包含的物流活动也不完全相同，规划设计的内容也有所区别。因此，从企业类型来看，规划工作又分为工业制造企业的物流系统、商业企业的物流系统，以及第三方物流企业的物流系统的规划与设计。

From the perspective of the scope of a company's logistics activities and its business nature, the planning and design of logistics systems should include the planning and design of production logistics systems, supply logistics systems, sales logistics systems, reverse logistics systems, and waste logistics systems. Different types of enterprises have different logistics activities, and the content of planning and design also varies. Therefore, from the perspective of enterprise type, planning work is further divided into the planning and design of logistics systems for industrial manufacturing enterprises, logistics systems for commercial enterprises, and logistics systems for third-party logistics enterprises.

（三）社会物流系统与企业物流系统的关系Relationship between social logistics system and enterprise logistics system

社会物流系统和企业物流系统是完成各种物流活动不可缺少的资源，它们相互联系、相互衔接、相互补充，共同完成各种物流服务业务。但这两类系统是不同的系统，是有区别的，社会物流系统不能替代企业物流系统，反之亦然。主要表现在：

Social logistics systems and enterprise logistics systems are indispensable resources for completing various logistics activities. They are interconnected, linked, and complementary, jointly completing various logistics service businesses. However, these two types of systems are different systems and are distinguishable. Social logistics systems cannot replace enterprise logistics systems, and vice versa. This is mainly reflected in:

1.目标不同Different objectives

建设社会物流系统的主要目标是满足整个社会经济的发展需要，追求整个社会的综合社会经济效益和可持续发展；而规划企业物流系统目标是满足某个具体企业的经营需要，追求这个具体企业的经济效益。

The main goal of building a social logistics system is to meet the development needs of the entire socio-economy, pursuing the overall socio-economic benefits and sustainable development of the whole society; while the goal of planning a business logistics system is to meet the operating needs of a specific business, pursuing the economic benefits of that specific business.

2.服务对象不同Different service objects

社会物流系统将社会经济领域的所有经济实体作为服务对象，包括生产制造企业、商业销售企业、物流企业，它要面向整个社会经济活动，要抽象出整个经济社会物流服务需求的共性和普遍性；而企业物流系统构建的服务对象更明确，就是为自己或某一特定的客户群提供服务，服务的目标客户比较具体。

The social logistics system serves all economic entities in the socio-economic field, including manufacturing enterprises, commercial sales enterprises, and logistics enterprises. It is oriented towards the entire socio-economic activity and needs to abstract the commonality and universality of the logistics service needs of the entire economic society. On the other hand, the service object of the enterprise logistics system is more specific, which is to provide services for itself or a specific customer group, and the target customers of the service are more specific.

3.资源配置不同Different resource allocation

社会物流系统从整个社会对物流资源的需求考虑，配置社会物流资源，如铁路、公路、水路、航空、港站码头等公共物流资源。而企业物流系统从自身需求考虑,配置企业内部资源及社会资源的利用,要素的组成具有一定的个性化。系统的构建属于企业行为。

Social logistics systems consider the needs of the entire society for logistics resources and allocate social logistics resources, such as public logistics resources like railways, highways, waterways, aviation, and port terminals. Enterprise logistics systems, on the other hand, consider their own needs and allocate internal enterprise resources and the utilization of social resources, with the composition of elements having a certain degree of personalization. The construction of the system is an enterprise behavior.

同时，社会物流系统与企业物流系统是相互联系、相互衔接与相互补充的关系。社会系统是企业物流系统的基础，企业物流系统是构建于这一物流基础平台之上的具体物流服务实体，社会物流系统的功效只有通过企业物流系统才能实现；同样，企业物流系统也离不开社会物流系统的支持，没有政府投资建设的交通基础设施，任何企业都将难以开展物流服务。

At the same time, the social logistics system and the enterprise logistics system are interrelated, interconnected, and complementary. The social system is the foundation of the enterprise logistics system, and the enterprise logistics system is a specific logistics service entity built on this logistics foundation platform. The effectiveness of the social logistics system can only be realized through the enterprise logistics system. Similarly, the enterprise logistics system cannot be separated from the support of the social logistics system; without the transportation infrastructure built by government investment, it would be difficult for any enterprise to carry out logistics services.

社会物流系统与企业物流系统的关系如图2-1所示

The relationship between the social logistics system and the enterprise logistics system is shown in Figure 2-1.