Ali Bazarbachi教授:霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫治疗新进展

摘要:2024年11月14日至17日,国际细胞与免疫治疗(CTI)大会在中国杭州盛大举行,汇聚了全球细胞治疗和免疫治疗领域的顶尖专家、学者和行业领袖。此次大会不仅是一个学术交流的国际平台,更是一个展示最新科研成果、推动领域发展的重要窗口。会议期间,《肿瘤瞭望-血液时


2024年11月14日至17日,国际细胞与免疫治疗(CTI)大会在中国杭州盛大举行,汇聚了全球细胞治疗和免疫治疗领域的顶尖专家、学者和行业领袖。此次大会不仅是一个学术交流的国际平台,更是一个展示最新科研成果、推动领域发展的重要窗口。会议期间,《肿瘤瞭望-血液时讯》特别邀请到黎巴嫩美国大学贝鲁特医学中心(AUBMC)Ali Bazarbachi教授,就霍奇金淋巴瘤的免疫治疗最新进展进行了深入分享,为我们揭示了创新药物如何深刻改变这一疾病的治疗格局。现整理成文,以飨读者。

霍奇金淋巴瘤是一种治愈率较高的恶性肿瘤,初诊患者及一线治疗后复发患者均有较高的治愈机会。对于自体移植后复发的霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,异体造血干细胞移植曾是唯一的治愈希望,但新免疫疗法的出现为患者提供了更多治疗选择。霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫治疗的两大突破为维布妥昔单抗和检查点抑制剂,它们在临床应用中展现了卓越的疗效,为患者带来了新的治疗希望。这些新型免疫治疗药物在霍奇金淋巴瘤的不同治疗阶段发挥关键作用,包括作为一线治疗、自体移植后的桥接疗法,以及异体移植前后的治疗选择。新型免疫治疗药物显著降低了霍奇金淋巴瘤患者进行移植手术的频率,改善了患者的预后情况,但同时需要注意急性移植物抗宿主病风险。

Q1

在您的经验中,造血干细胞移植在霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗中扮演了怎样的角色,特别是在难治或复发病例中?

Ali Bazarbachi教授:霍奇金淋巴瘤堪称恶性肿瘤中较易治愈的一种。我们不仅能够有效治愈多数初诊患者,对于一线治疗后出现复发的患者,同样具备较高的治愈率。这类复发患者通常会接受挽救性治疗(salvage therapy)及自体造血干细胞移植,并且大多数患者能重获健康。然而,对于自体移植后仍不幸复发的患者而言,异体造血干细胞移植在过去数十年间一直是他们寻求治愈的唯一希望。值得庆幸的是,近期我们迎来了新的免疫疗法,为患者提供了更多治疗选择。

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:In your experience, what role does stem cell transplantation play in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in cases that are refractory or relapsed?

Dr.Ali Bazarbachi: Thank you very much for the question. Hodgkin lymphoma is one of the most curable malignancies. We cure the majority of patients newly diagnosed, as well as those who have relapsed after frontline therapy. They receive salvage therapy and auto-transplant, and most of them are also cured. But then for patients who relapse after auto-transplant, allo-transplant has been for decades the only curative treatment for these patients , recently we have new immune therapies.

Q2

霍奇金淋巴瘤的免疫治疗近年来取得了哪些突破性进展?这些进展如何改变了患者的治疗选择和预后?

Ali Bazarbachi教授:霍奇金淋巴瘤的免疫治疗领域近年来取得了两项重大突破。其一为维布妥昔单抗(Brentuximab Vedotin,简称BV),这是一种创新的抗CD30抗体药物偶联物(ADC);其二为检查点抑制剂,尤其是抗PD-1药物,这两种治疗手段均在霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床应用中展现了卓越的疗效。

具体而言,这些创新药物能够在霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗的不同阶段发挥关键作用。它们可以作为一线治疗方案的组成部分,与化疗药物联合应用,显著提升患者的初治效果;同时,对于复发患者,这些药物亦能作为自体移植后自体巩固的桥接疗法,帮助患者延长生存期并改善生活质量;此外,对于自体移植后复发的患者,这些药物还可作为异体移植的桥接疗法,为患者争取到接受进一步治疗的机会;更令人振奋的是,即便在异体移植后出现复发,这些药物仍有可能发挥一定的治疗作用。

综上所述,这些创新药物的出现无疑已经深刻改变了霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗格局,为患者带来了更多的治疗选择和希望。

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:What are the recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma? How have these advancements changed treatment options and prognosis for patients?

Dr.Ali Bazarbachi: Basically, there are two kinds of breakthroughs in immunotherapy for Hodgkin Lymphoma. We have Brentuximab Vedotin (BV), which is an anti-CD30 antibody-drug conjugate. We also have checkpoint inhibitors, like anti-PD-1, both of which are highly effective in Hodgkin Lymphoma. And actually, they can be used at different stages of treatment of Hodgkin Lymphoma. Part of frontline therapy in combination with chemotherapy, salvage therapy for relapsed patients as a bridge to auto-consolidation after auto-transplant, salvage therapy for relapse after auto-transplant bridge to allo-transplant, and even for relapse after allo-transplant. So, they have changed the landscape of Hodgkin Lymphoma treatment.

Q3

移植在霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗中的地位是否有所变化?免疫治疗与移植治疗如何协同作用以提高疗效?

Ali Bazarbachi教授:这些新型的免疫治疗药物凭借其卓越的治疗效果,显著降低了霍奇金淋巴瘤患者进行移植手术的频率。若能在疾病的初治阶段及早期复发阶段成功治愈更多患者,那么,接受自体移植与异体移植的患者群体将会大幅缩减。具体而言,我们观察到,在自体移植手术前后应用免疫治疗,能够显著改善患者的预后情况。类似地,对于异体移植而言,若在移植术前采用免疫治疗,同样能取得更佳的移植效果。

然而,我们也必须认识到,在实施预防措施方面的重要性不容忽视。因为在接受检查点抑制剂治疗后紧接着进行异体移植,患者罹患急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)的风险会显著升高。因此,为避免这一风险,我们需要在两种治疗之间设置合理的时间间隔,并在必要时,采用移植后环磷酰胺等干预措施。

综上所述,我的讲座主要聚焦于霍奇金淋巴瘤的免疫治疗方案与移植策略。维布妥昔单抗(BV)与检查点抑制剂的问世,已经彻底革新了霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗范式。目前,超过95%的霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,甚至更高比例的患者群体,无论是在初次治疗阶段、首次复发还是二次复发时,均有望实现治愈。对于经历首次复发的患者而言,自体干细胞移植仍然是当前首选的标准治疗方案,并且可以在移植前后结合免疫治疗以增强疗效。而对于自体移植后不幸再次复发的患者,异体干细胞移植则成为了标准的治疗手段,尤其对于那些在接受免疫治疗后未能达到完全缓解状态的患者而言,异体移植更是提供了一个重要的治疗选项。

Oncology Frontier-Hematology Frontier:Has the role of transplantation in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma changed? How do immunotherapy and transplantation synergize to enhance treatment efficacy?

Dr.Ali Bazarbachi: So definitely, these new immunotherapy agents, by being highly effective, have decreased the number of transplantations in Hodgkin Lymphoma. Because if we are curing more patients in the frontline and we are curing more patients in early relapse, then you have less candidates for auto-transplant and allo-transplant. Actually, when we look at the results of auto-transplant , the results are quite better when we use immunotherapy before or after auto-transplant. And for allo-transplant, the same,allo-transplant are better when immunotherapy is used before. However, we have to take some precautions, because if you do allo-transplant after checkpoint inhibitor, you can have a high rate of aGVHD, so you need a certain period of time ,and use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide in that case.

My lecture was about immunotherapy and transplantation in Hodgkin Lymphoma. What I would like to say is that BV and checkpoint inhibitors, have changed the landscape of treatment for Hodgkin Lymphoma. Hodgkin Lymphoma is currently, let's say, more than 95% of patients, or even higher, can be cured, either in the frontline treatment, first relapse, or second relapse. For first relapse, auto-transplant is still the standard, with the use of immunotherapy before or after auto-transplant For patients who relapse after auto-transplant,allo-transplant is the standard of care, particularly for patients who do not achieve complete remission with immunotherapy.

总 结

Ali Bazarbachi教授综述了霍奇金淋巴瘤免疫治疗的最新进展,重点介绍了维布妥昔单抗和检查点抑制剂等创新药物在疾病治疗中的卓越疗效。这些创新药物不仅显著提升了患者的初治效果,还作为自体及异体移植前后的桥接疗法,为患者争取到了更多治疗机会。然而,我们也应警惕检查点抑制剂与异体移植联合应用时可能增加的急性移植物抗宿主病风险,并采取相应的预防措施。总之,随着免疫治疗领域的不断发展,霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗手段将更加多样化,为患者带来更多的希望与生机。

来源:肿瘤瞭望

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