《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》一般性探讨和结束语

摘要：This issue of tweets will introduce the general discussion and conclusion of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain C

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“喆学（141）：精读期刊论文

《需求不确定性对绿色技术采用的消费者补贴的影响》

一般性探讨和结束语”

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"Zhexue (141): Intensive reading of journal articles

"Supply Chain Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns "

General Discussion and Concluding Remarks "

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍精读期刊论文《考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调》的一般性探讨和结束语。

This issue of tweets will introduce the general discussion and conclusion of the intensive reading journal article "Supply Chain Contracts and Coordination Considering Fairness Concerns" from three aspects: mind map, intensive reading content, and knowledge supplement.

一、思维导图（Mind Maps）

二、精读内容（Intensive reading content）

(1)一般性探讨(General Discussion)

定理1表明，零售商的公平关切不会改变供应链的协调状态。证明中指出，如果某个契约在传统情况下能够促成协调，那么在零售商有公平关切时，这个契约仍然能够保持协调。无论零售商的公平关切程度如何，供应链都能保持协调。因此，供应商即使无法获取零售商对公平关切的态度信息，也能做出最优决策。

Theorem 1 shows that retailers’ fairness concerns do not change the coordination state of the supply chain. The proof shows that if a contract can achieve coordination in the traditional case, then it can still maintain coordination when retailers have fairness concerns. The supply chain can maintain coordination regardless of the degree of fairness concerns of retailers. Therefore, suppliers can make optimal decisions even if they cannot obtain information about retailers’ attitudes towards fairness concerns.

(2)结束语(Conclusion)

文章从报童问题背景出发，探讨了公平关切行为倾向对供应链契约协调的影响。研究分析了零售商在具有公平关切情况下的行为运筹，分别考察了这种行为倾向对批发价契约、回购契约和收益共享契约等协调性的影响。研究发现，零售商的公平关切不会影响契约本身的协调性，并通过算例进行了验证。

Starting from the background of the newsboy problem, this paper explores the impact of fairness concern behavior tendency on the coordination of supply chain contracts. The study analyzes the behavior of retailers with fairness concerns and examines the impact of this behavior tendency on the coordination of wholesale price contracts, buyback contracts and revenue sharing contracts. The study found that the fairness concern of retailers does not affect the coordination of the contract itself, and verified it through examples.

文章主要考虑了零售商的公平关切，但忽略了供应商也可能有公平关切的情况。此外，文章在刻画效用函数时依赖参考点，没有考虑损失规避。未来的研究将考虑零售商和供应商都具有公平关切的情况，使研究更加全面，并将损失规避纳入公平关切效用函数，使函数刻画更接近现实，以弥补现有研究的不足。

The article mainly considers the fairness concerns of retailers, but ignores the situation that suppliers may also have fairness concerns. In addition, the article relies on reference points when describing the utility function and does not consider loss aversion. Future research will consider the situation where both retailers and suppliers have fairness concerns to make the research more comprehensive, and incorporate loss aversion into the fairness concern utility function to make the function description closer to reality, so as to make up for the shortcomings of existing research.

三、知识补充（Knowledge supplement）

损失规避是一个描述人们在决策过程中对损失和收益反应不对称的心理现象。这个概念最初由心理学家丹尼尔·卡尼曼和阿莫斯·特沃斯基在他们的前景理论（Prospect Theory）中提出，用来解释人们在面对潜在损失时的非理性行为。

Loss aversion is a psychological phenomenon that describes the asymmetric response of people to losses and gains in their decision-making process. This concept was originally proposed by psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky in their Prospect Theory to explain people's irrational behavior when facing potential losses.

损失规避的特点：

Characteristics of loss aversion:

1. 情感不对称：损失带来的负面情绪通常比同等金额的收益带来的正面情绪要强烈得多。例如，失去100元的不快可能远大于获得100元的快乐。

1. Asymmetric emotions: The negative emotions brought about by losses are usually much stronger than the positive emotions brought about by gains of the same amount. For example, the unhappiness of losing 100 yuan may be much greater than the happiness of gaining 100 yuan.

2. 风险规避：由于损失规避，人们在面对可能导致损失的选择时，往往表现出更高的风险规避倾向。他们可能会选择一个确定的小收益，而不是一个可能带来更大收益但风险更高的选项。

2. Risk aversion: Due to loss aversion, people tend to show a higher risk aversion tendency when faced with options that may result in losses. They may choose a small, certain gain over an option that may bring a larger gain but with a higher risk.

3. 参照点依赖：损失规避的程度受到个人参照点的影响，即他们用来评估收益和损失的基准点。如果一个人的参照点是他们目前的财富水平，那么任何低于这个水平的变化都可能被视为损失。

3. Reference point dependence: The degree of loss aversion is influenced by an individual’s reference point, i.e. the benchmark they use to assess gains and losses. If a person’s reference point is their current level of wealth, then any change below this level is likely to be perceived as a loss.

4. 影响决策：损失规避在金融投资、消费行为、谈判等多个领域都有明显的影响。例如，投资者可能会因为害怕损失而过早卖出股票，或者在面对市场波动时表现出过度反应。

4. Influence on decision-making: Loss aversion has a significant impact in many fields, including financial investment, consumer behavior, and negotiation. For example, investors may sell stocks prematurely or overreact in the face of market fluctuations due to fear of loss.

5. 损失放大：在某些情况下，人们对损失的感知可能会被放大，导致他们在决策时过分强调避免损失，即使这可能导致错过其他有利的机会。

5. Loss amplification: In some cases, people’s perception of loss may be magnified, causing them to overemphasize avoiding losses in their decision making, even if this may result in missing out on other favorable opportunities.

损失规避在实际应用中的意义：

The significance of loss aversion in practical applications:

1.金融投资：投资者可能会因为损失规避而避免投资于波动性较大的资产，或者在市场下跌时恐慌性抛售。

1. Financial investment: Investors may avoid investing in volatile assets or panic sell when the market falls due to loss aversion.

2.保险购买：人们可能会因为害怕损失而购买保险，即使保险的成本可能高于潜在损失的期望值。

2. Insurance purchase: People may buy insurance because of fear of loss, even if the cost of insurance may be higher than the expected value of potential losses.

3.消费行为：消费者可能会因为害怕购买后后悔（即损失规避）而推迟购买决策，或者选择更安全、更熟悉的产品。

3. Consumer behavior: Consumers may postpone purchase decisions or choose safer and more familiar products because of fear of regret after purchase (i.e. loss aversion).

4.谈判策略：在谈判中，损失规避可以被用来影响对方的决策，例如通过强调不接受某个提议可能带来的损失。

4. Negotiation strategy: In negotiations, loss aversion can be used to influence the other party's decision, for example by emphasizing the possible losses of not accepting a proposal.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：谷歌、Chat GPT

参考文献：杜少甫, 杜婵, 梁樑, 刘天卓. 考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调 [J], 管理科学学报, 2010, 13(11): 41-48.