《海洋预报》| 江门海域增水特征分析

摘要：自然资源部南海预报减灾中心, 广东广州 510310;2. 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510310

江门海域增水特征分析

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作者：秦钰1 邢会斌1 2 张娟1

单位：

1. 自然资源部南海预报减灾中心, 广东广州 510310;2. 自然资源部海洋环境探测技术与应用重点实验室, 广东广州 510310

分类号：P731.22

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2025·42·第二期（18-29）

摘要：基于2020—2021年江门市下川岛、上川岛等5个海洋观测站点的海洋和气象观测数据，对江门海域增水的季节特征进行分析，并进一步探究江门海域异常增水在台风期和非台风期的驱动来源。结果表明：江门海域各站点增水变化一致，且有显著的季节差异，即冬春季增水振幅变化大而夏秋季（非台风影响期间）相对稳定。增水变化特征主要与纬向风有关，东风增强（减弱）时水位升高（降低），西风期间则呈现出相反的特征。经向风和气压在某些典型过程中对增水也有一定的贡献。台风和副热带高压是引起江门海域纬向风和气压变化的驱动因子，非台风期主要受副热带高压南支气流控制，台风期主要受两者引起的纬向风和气压变化的共同影响。

关键词：江门增水纬向风副热带高压

Abstract：Based on high resolution hydrometeorology observations (2020—2021) at 5 marine observation stations including Xiachuan and Shangchuan in the Jiangmen Sea area, the seasonal variation feature of residual water levels and its driving mechanism are explored and categorized by typhoon-affecting and non-typhoonaffecting periods. Results show that: Jiangmen residual water level variations exhibit consistent changes and significant seasonal differences at each station, in which the amplitude of residual water level variations is large in winter-spring, and small in summer-autumn (non-typhoon-affecting period). Zonal winds variability dominates residual water level variations, in which the residual water level rises (declines) when the easterlies enhances (weakens), and vice era during the westerlies. Meridional winds and pressure changes also contribute to residual water level variations during some representative processes. Typhoon and subtropical high are the driving factors regulating zonal winds and pressure changes in the Jiangmen coast. The residual water levels are controlled by the easterlies south of subtropical high during non-typhoon-affecting period, and by zonal winds and pressure changes during typhoon-affecting period.

Key words：Jiangmen; residual water level; zonal winds; subtropical high