AI时代改如何教育孩子,凯文·凯利给出颠覆性答案

360影视 国产动漫 2025-09-08 09:16 3

摘要:家长焦虑如何应该AI时代的教育变革?最近,美国著名的科技预言家凯文凯利,在一次才发言中特别针对这个问题,给出来他的建议。他的观点中有个非常有趣的一点,就是让孩子尽量玩耍!

家长焦虑如何应该AI时代的教育变革?最近,美国著名的科技预言家凯文凯利,在一次才发言中特别针对这个问题,给出来他的建议。他的观点中有个非常有趣的一点,就是让孩子尽量玩耍!

建议重点摘要:

他的观点很明确:在孩子的童年早期,拼的不是知识,更不是技术,而是品格。 诚实、勤奋、信任这些核心价值的培养,远比学什么编程、背什么古诗更重要。

那随着孩子长大,什么能力最关键呢?是提问的能力,而不是回答的能力。因为答案AI随处可得,但提出一个好问题、批判性地评估AI给的答案,这才是未来的核心竞争力。

他提出了一个最重要的“元技能”:毕业时,孩子是否掌握了“如何学习”的能力。知识会过时,工作会消失,唯一不变的就是需要不断学习。所以,教育的核心是优化孩子自己的学习能力。

那怎么培养呢?方法可能让很多家长意外:不是送补习班,而是让他们尽情地玩! 在玩耍中摸索学习的方法,比灌输知识重要一万倍。而且,让他玩的的时间要超出你认为需要玩的时间!

最后,对于年轻人甚至我们所有人,他给了一个绝妙的建议来应对AI的挑战:不要追求成为“最好的”,要努力成为“唯一的”。

AI擅长的是“平均水平”,它无法替代那些古怪、独特、出乎意料的人和想法。所以,请找回你童年时的那份“古怪”,去做那些你甚至无法向父母解释清楚的新事情,成为无法被归类、无可替代的“唯一”。

总结一下:幼年重品格,少年重思维,终极目标是学会学习,而你的护身符是成为独一无二的自己。

访谈中英文原文:(中文翻译在下面)

I don't think technology is very important here. I don't even think you're supposed to just give them knowledge; basically, it's about developing their character, instilling values and habits. Values like honesty, reliability, trust—things like that. That's the main job in the beginning. Even in elementary school, it's really not about learning facts; it's about developing character and learning values. You want to transmit your values to your children.

As they get older, thinking skills become more important. By the time they're in middle school and high school, that's when you start focusing on skills. And I think the way I summarize it is: with the advent of AI and technology, teaching kids answers or how to answer questions isn't that important anymore—because if you need an answer, you can just ask an AI. But you want to teach kids how to ask good questions, how to evaluate the answers AI gives, how to estimate, how to think critically, how to tell if something's true, and how to question authority. Those are the skills that matter. I don't recommend studying for a specific profession, because when you graduate, the job you might have two years later won't even exist. We're constantly inventing new jobs, so you don't need to study for a particular occupation.

I think there's only one meta-skill you need to have when you graduate high school or college, and that's the skill of being able to learn. You need to optimize your own learning ability because everyone learns differently. When you graduate, you should know exactly how you learn best—how you learn languages best, how you learn physical sports best, how you learn intellectual things best. You need to practice, train, and test this ability so that when you graduate, you know how to learn—because that's what you'll be doing for the rest of your life. Nothing else matters; it doesn't matter what you know, it matters how well you can learn.

I think individual-paced learning, with AI tutors alongside humans, will become very important.

When your kids are young, I don't think you should push them to study too much; instead, let them play as much as possible. Let them figure out how to learn things on their own and increase their ability to learn. What they know right now doesn't matter—what matters is whether they can learn. So knowledge itself isn't that important; the skill to learn is. There is a minimum amount of basic knowledge needed—like knowing how to read, basic arithmetic, and how to turn on AI and interact with it—but that's pretty minimal. I don't think you need to send them to cram school. Play is much better than a cram school or a tutor. Particularly given your background, my advice is to make sure your children play more than you might think is necessary. I know you want them to be really good, but that's not what matters—what matters is that they learn how to play.

Also, over the next ten years, there will be about 14 million college graduates every year in China. A lot of them are very anxious about AI because they were brought up and educated in a non-AI era—an era where AI didn't even exist. So what kind of advice would you give them?

You want to be as weird and unexpected as possible. Because if you're predictable, you can be replaced; but if you're not predictable, you can't be replaced. So you want to be as unpredictable as you can. The things that made you weird as a kid—you want to go back to that as an adult. Do unpredictable things, have unpredictable ideas, hold unpredictable views, ask unpredictable questions. The thing about AI is that it's average: it's trained to generate average things, and it's very good at that, very deep—but it's not good at things that are weird and very different. So that's your protection against AI: being as weird and different as possible while still being useful.

Another way to put this is: overachievers (like I'm sure you are) tend to try to be the best at something. But I say, don't aim to be the best—aim to be the only. If you're "the best," that means there's a number one, number two, number three—it's a very narrow space. Aim to be the only one doing it, the only one who cares, the only one who knows how, the only one who's passionate about it. Don't try to be the best of something; try to be the only. It's about differentiation—being in a category of one. This is true for business too: you want to be in a category of one, with no competitors, because what you're doing is so weird and different that people don't even have a name for it.

So to young people, I'd say: try to work on something that doesn't have a name, something you can't easily describe. If you say, "I'm a VC" or "I'm an accountant" or "I'm the best attorney for import-export legal work," you can be replaced by AI. But if you're doing something that takes 15 minutes to explain to your parents—because there's no word for it—that's where you want to be. Because then you're not the best at something; you're the only one doing it.

访谈中英文原文:(中文翻译)

我不认为技术非常重要,(在这个阶段)你正在做的… 我认为你甚至不是在给他们知识。基本上,这关乎培养他们的品格,是灌输价值观和习惯,你知道,比如诚实、勤奋、信任之类的价值观。这才是最初期的主要任务。即使在小学阶段,也真的不是关于学习事实,而是关于学习和培养你的品格,学习价值观,很多这样的价值观… 所以你的价值观… 所以你会想把你的价值观传递给你的孩子。

嗯,随着他们长大,思维技能就变得更重要了。所以,你知道,等到上初中和高中时,你就会关心技能了。我认为,我总结的方式是,你知道,随着技术、人工智能(AI)的出现,教孩子答案或如何回答问题已经没那么重要了,因为如果你想要答案,你去问AI就行了。但你想要教孩子如何提问,学习如何提出好问题,啊,学习如何评估AI给你的答案,学习如何估算,学习批判性思维,如何判断某事是否真实,学习如何质疑权威。这些才是你要教的一些技能。这不是为了某个专业去拼命学习,我不推荐那样做。因为当你毕业时,两年后你要从事的工作甚至可能都不存在了。我的意思是,我们将会不断发明新的工作。所以你不需要为某个特定的职业去学习。

我认为只有一个元技能(Meta skill)是你高中、大学毕业时需要具备的,那就是能够学习的能力。你实际上想要优化你自己的学习能力,因为每个人的学习方式都略有不同。当你从学校毕业时,你想确切地知道如何学习效果最好,你学习语言的最佳方式是什么,学习体育项目的最佳方式是什么,学习知识类东西的最佳方式是什么。你想知道你如何学习效果最好,并且你希望经过练习、训练和测试,这样当你毕业时,(你心里知道)“我知道如何学习”,因为这就是你余生将要持续做的事情。哦,好吧,学习如何学习,学习… 这就是(毕业时需要的)技能。如何优化我的学习能力?其他什么都不重要。你知道了什么并不重要,重要的是你学习的能力有多强。

我认为,结合人工智能导师的个性化节奏学习(individual pace learning)将变得非常重要。

当你的孩子还小时,你想要… 我认为你应该让他们尽可能多地玩耍,你想让他们自己摸索如何学习东西,你想提高他们的学习能力。他们知道了什么并不重要,因为那无关紧要,重要的是他们是否能够学习。所以知识本身(per se)并不那么重要,学习技能更重要。当然我们需要一些最低限度的知识,你知道,你需要知道如何阅读,你可能需要知道基本的算术,你可能需要知道如何打开AI并与之对话。会有一些基本技能和最低限度的知识量,但我认为这个量非常小,我不认为这是什么难事。我认为你不需要去上补习学校(cram school)。我认为比补习学校或家教好得多的是玩耍。

我,我认为,你知道,特别是考虑到你的背景(可能指亚洲教育文化背景),我给你的建议是:要求你的孩子玩耍的时间比你认为他们应该的还要多。你的天性(Tennessee - 可能为口误,意指 tendency 倾向)会让你想让他们学习,我知道你希望他们非常优秀,但这(知识)并不重要,重要的是他们学会如何玩耍。

这是很好的建议。另外,未来十年,中国每年将会有差不多… 像是一千四百万(fourteen 可能为口误,意指 14 million)大学毕业生。他们中很多人对AI感到非常焦虑,因为你知道,他们是在非AI时代长大的,他们接受教育的时代AI甚至还不存在,对吧?所以他们正面临这个非常具有挑战性的情况。那么您会给他们什么建议?

你想做的是,尽可能变得古怪和出人意料。因为你不想… 啊,如果你是可预测的,那么你就有可能被取代。但如果你是难以预测的,你就无法被取代。所以你希望尽可能不可预测。小时候让你显得古怪的东西,你想重新找回它,作为成年人,你想重新找回那些让你小时候显得古怪的东西,因为你希望尽可能不可预测。因为你越可预测,就越容易被取代。所以要做不可预测的事情,拥有不可预测的想法,持有不可预测的观点,嗯,提出不可预测的问题。

关于AI的一点是,它们是“平均”的(average),它们经过训练,生成的是平均的东西。它们非常非常优秀,非常非常有深度,但是,是的,它们不太擅长那些古怪和非常非常不同的事情。所以,这就是你对抗AI的保护措施——尽可能地古怪和不同,同时仍然保持有用。

这是非常好的建议。这是我第一次听到这样的建议。

另一种说法是,对于那些过度追求成就的人——我敢肯定你是这样的人——有一种倾向,即试图在某件事上做到最好。所以我说,不要以成为最好为目标,要以成为唯一为目标。如果你是最好的,那意味着有第一、第二、第三…… 这是一个非常狭窄的目标。要以成为唯一在做这件事的人为目标,以成为唯一关心的人为目标,以成为唯一知道方法的人为目标,以成为唯一在做这件事的人为目标。不要试图成为某件事最好的,要试图成为唯一的。

(这样来)区分我们自己,对吧?所以,成为独一无二的类别(category of one)。你希望成为那个独一无二的类别。这对企业也是如此,你希望成为独一无二的类别,你希望没有竞争对手,因为你所做的事情是如此古怪和不同,以至于人们甚至无法命名你正在做的事情。

所以,对年轻人,我会说:年轻人,尝试去做一些还没有名称、没有词汇来描述你正在做的事情。如果你告诉我“哦,我是VC(风险投资人)”,那… 你可能会被AI取代。如果你说“我是会计师”或者“我为进出口做法律工作”之类的,“我是这方面最好的律师”… 你可能会被取代。你希望做的事情,需要花十五分钟向你父母解释你到底是做什么的——那就对了,因为还没有词汇能描述它——这就是年轻人应该去的地方。因为在那里,你是唯一的,你不是某件事中最好的,你是唯一的。

来源:AI观察室

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