摘要：在中医的浩瀚星空中，每一味中药都如同一颗独特的星辰，散发着神秘而迷人的光芒。毛冬青，这味看似平凡的中药，实则蕴含着巨大的能量，宛如一位低调的武林高手，在中医的江湖中默默施展着它的神奇本领。今天，就让我们一同揭开毛冬青的神秘面纱，探寻它在治疗多种疾病中的独特魅力
在中医的浩瀚星空中，每一味中药都如同一颗独特的星辰，散发着神秘而迷人的光芒。毛冬青，这味看似平凡的中药，实则蕴含着巨大的能量，宛如一位低调的武林高手，在中医的江湖中默默施展着它的神奇本领。今天，就让我们一同揭开毛冬青的神秘面纱，探寻它在治疗多种疾病中的独特魅力。
心血管领域的“神奇密码”
心血管疾病，犹如一颗隐藏在人体内的“定时炸弹”，时刻威胁着人们的健康。据世界卫生组织统计，全球每年因心血管疾病死亡的人数高达 1790 万，占全球死亡总数的 31%。在中国，心血管疾病的发病率也呈逐年上升趋势，已成为威胁国民健康的“头号杀手”。而梁世杰主任却凭借着对毛冬青的深入研究和独特运用，在这场与心血管疾病的战斗中取得了令人瞩目的成绩。
梁世杰主任特别喜欢用毛冬青配降香、丹参、桂枝、薤白、葛根、瓜蒌等中药治疗冠心病、心梗、心衰等心血管疾病。毛冬青，又名乌尾丁、痈树、六月霜，为冬青科植物毛冬青的根。它味微苦、甘，性平，归肺、肝、大肠经，具有清热解毒、祛痰止咳、活血祛瘀、通脉的功效。现代药理学研究表明，毛冬青具有抗凝、抗炎、强心、保护心肌和血管内皮、降血压、降血脂等作用，这些作用犹如一把把精准的手术刀，直击心血管疾病的要害。
以冠心病为例，这是一种由于冠状动脉粥样硬化导致心肌缺血缺氧或坏死而引起的心脏病。梁世杰主任在临床治疗中，常常将毛冬青与丹参、桂枝等药物配伍使用。丹参具有活血化瘀、通经止痛的作用，桂枝则能温通经脉、助阳化气。三者相互配合，就像是一个协同作战的团队，毛冬青负责清除血管内的瘀血和毒素，丹参进一步促进血液循环，桂枝则温暖血管，增强血管的弹性。通过这样的配伍，许多冠心病患者的症状得到了明显改善，生活质量大幅提高。
有一位 50 多岁的男性患者，患有冠心病多年，经常感到胸闷、胸痛，尤其是在劳累或情绪激动时症状更为严重。他四处求医，尝试了各种治疗方法，但效果都不尽如人意。后来，他找到了梁世杰主任。梁主任根据他的病情，为他制定了以毛冬青为主，配伍丹参、桂枝等药物的治疗方案。经过一段时间的治疗，患者的胸闷、胸痛症状明显减轻，精神状态也好了很多。他激动地说：“没想到这小小的毛冬青，竟然有这么大的作用，真是我的救命药啊！”
呼吸系统的“清道夫”
除了在心血管领域大显身手外，毛冬青在呼吸系统疾病的治疗中也有着独特的功效。邓铁涛认为，毛冬青一方面可以化痰止咳，另一方面可以清热活血，对于慢性咳嗽，尤其是辨证属于痰热血瘀证型者，常配伍当归、丹参等凉血活血中药，效果明确。
慢性咳嗽是一种常见的呼吸系统疾病，患者往往长期咳嗽不止，严重影响生活质量。据统计，我国慢性咳嗽的患病率约为 10%，且呈逐年上升趋势。在中医看来，慢性咳嗽的病因复杂，痰热血瘀是其中常见的一种证型。毛冬青的化痰止咳、清热活血作用，正好针对了这一证型的关键问题。
有一位 60 多岁的女性患者，患有慢性咳嗽多年，咳嗽时伴有黄痰，且痰中带有血丝，面部潮红，舌质暗红，苔黄腻，中医辨证为痰热血瘀证型。邓铁涛为她开出了以毛冬青为主，配伍当归、丹参等药物的方剂。经过一段时间的治疗，患者的咳嗽症状明显减轻，痰量减少，痰中也不再有血丝。她感慨地说：“以前吃了那么多药都不管用，没想到这次用毛冬青配伍的方子，效果这么好，真是让我重新过上了正常的生活。”
风湿关节的“克星”
风湿热痹和痛风性关节炎、类风湿关节炎等风湿性疾病，也是困扰许多人的难题。这些疾病往往会导致关节疼痛、肿胀、活动受限，严重影响患者的日常生活。邓铁涛认为，毛冬青具有活血祛瘀、通脉的功效，对于风湿热痹常随证使用。
对于痛风性关节炎，急性期表现为局部红肿热痛、关节肿痛，辨证属于风湿热痹证型者，邓铁涛常配伍山慈菇、豨莶草、土茯苓、粉萆薢，合四妙散加减。山慈菇具有清热解毒、消痈散结的作用，豨莶草能祛风湿、利关节，土茯苓可解毒、除湿、通利关节，粉萆薢则能利湿去浊、祛风除痹。四妙散具有清热利湿、舒筋活络的功效。这些药物与毛冬青相互配合，共同发挥清热利湿、活血通络、消肿止痛的作用，能够迅速缓解痛风性关节炎急性期的症状。
有一位 40 多岁的男性患者，患有痛风性关节炎多年，每次发作时，脚趾关节都会红肿热痛，无法正常行走。他尝试了各种治疗方法，但效果都不理想。后来，他找到了邓铁涛。邓老根据他的病情，为他开出了以毛冬青为主，配伍山慈菇、豨莶草等药物的方剂。患者服用后，症状很快得到了缓解，关节的疼痛和肿胀明显减轻。他高兴地说：“以前每次发作都痛苦不堪，现在用了这个方子，终于不用再受那份罪了。”
对于类风湿关节炎，邓铁涛常配伍赤芍、黑老虎、宽筋藤、鸡血藤、千年健，合独活寄生汤加减。赤芍具有清热凉血、散瘀止痛的作用，黑老虎能祛风利湿、活血止痛，宽筋藤可舒筋活络，鸡血藤能补血活血、通络止痛，千年健则有祛风湿、强筋骨的功效。独活寄生汤具有祛风湿、止痹痛、益肝肾、补气血的作用。这些药物与毛冬青相互协同，能够有效地控制类风湿关节炎的病情发展，缓解关节疼痛和肿胀，提高患者的生活质量。
临床应用的“黄金法则”
毛冬青虽然功效显著，但在临床应用中也需要遵循一定的原则。毛冬青临床常用剂量为 15 - 30g，煎服。这个剂量范围是经过大量的临床实践和研究总结出来的，既能够保证药物的治疗效果，又能够避免因剂量过大而引起的不良反应。
同时，在使用毛冬青时，还需要根据患者的具体病情、体质等因素进行辨证论治。不同的证型需要配伍不同的药物，以达到最佳的治疗效果。例如，在治疗心血管疾病时，如果患者属于胸阳不振、痰浊阻胸证型，邓铁涛常配伍丹参、生蒲黄、檀香，合瓜蒌薤白半夏汤加减；而在治疗风湿性疾病时，又需要根据不同的风湿类型和症状表现，选择合适的配伍药物。
传承与创新：毛冬青的未来之路
毛冬青作为一味传统的中药，在中医的历史长河中已经流传了数百年。它以其独特的功效和广泛的应用，赢得了历代医家的认可和赞誉。然而，随着现代医学的发展和人们对健康需求的不断提高，毛冬青的研究和应用也面临着新的挑战和机遇。
一方面，我们需要进一步深入研究毛冬青的药理作用和机制，揭示其在治疗各种疾病中的具体作用途径和靶点。通过现代科学技术手段，如基因组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等，对毛冬青的化学成分和生物活性进行全面分析，为毛冬青的临床应用提供更加科学、准确的依据。
另一方面，我们还需要探索毛冬青的新剂型和新用法，提高其生物利用度和治疗效果。例如，将毛冬青制成注射剂、口服液、胶囊等剂型，方便患者使用；或者将毛冬青与其他药物或治疗方法相结合，形成综合治疗方案，提高疾病的治愈率。
此外，加强毛冬青的资源保护和可持续利用也是非常重要的。毛冬青主要生长在我国南方的山区，由于过度采伐和生态环境破坏，其野生资源已经受到了严重的威胁。因此，我们需要采取有效的措施，加强毛冬青的人工栽培和资源保护，确保其资源的可持续利用。
毛冬青，这味隐于中药宝库的“心血管守护神”与“多面妙手”，以其独特的魅力和神奇的功效，为人类的健康事业做出了重要贡献。在未来的日子里，让我们继续传承和发扬中医文化，深入研究毛冬青的奥秘，让这味古老的中药在新时代焕发出更加耀眼的光芒，为更多患者带来健康和希望。让我们共同期待毛冬青在中医的舞台上创造更多的奇迹！
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，本科学历，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。事迹入选《当代科学家》杂志、《中华英才》杂志。
Mao Dongqing: The "cardiovascular patron saint" and "many-faceted miracle hand" hidden in the treasure trove of Chinese medicine
In the vast sky of traditional Chinese medicine, each taste of traditional medicine is like a unique star, radiating a mysterious and charming light. Mao Dongqing, a seemingly ordinary Chinese medicine, has tremendous energy, and is like a low-key Wulin master who silently exerts his magical skills in the traditional Chinese medicine landscape. Today, let's unveil the mystery of Mao Dongqing and explore its unique charm in treating a wide range of diseases.
The "magic code" in the cardiovascular field
Cardiovascular disease, like a "time bomb" hidden in the human body, threatens people's health at all times. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease accounts for 17.9 million deaths worldwide each year, accounting for 31% of all deaths globally. In China, the incidence of a disease is also rising year by year, has become a threat to the nation's "number one killer." Director Liang Shijie has achieved remarkable results in the battle against cardiovascular disease with his in-depth research and unique application of Mao Dongqing.
Director Liang Shijie especially likes to use Mao Ilex combined with Chinese medicine such as Dalbergia odorifera, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Cassia twig, Allium macrostemon Bunge, Pueraria lobata, Trichosanthes in the treatment of coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. Maodongli, also known as uterus, ulcer tree, June frost, is the root of Maodong li, a plant of the family of lichens. It has the functions of clearing heat and removing toxicity, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Mao Dongqing has anticoagulation, anti-inflammatory, strengthening heart, protecting the heart muscle and the endothelium of blood vessels, reducing blood pressure, and reducing blood lipids, which are like precision surgical knives to hit the critical point of cardiovascular disease.
Take coronary heart disease as an example, which is a kind of heart disease caused by coronary artery atherosclerosis leading to myocardial ischemic hypoxia or necrosis. Drug compatibility of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Ramulus Cinnamomi is often used by Director Liang Shijie in clinical treatment. Salvia miltiorrhiza has the function of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, dredging menstruation and relieving pain, while Ramulus cinnamomi can warm and dredge meridians and assist Yang transforming qi. The three cooperate with each other, like a team working together. Mao Dongqing is responsible for removing blood clots and toxins from the blood vessels, Dan Gong further promotes blood circulation, and Cinnamon warms the blood rivers and enhances the elasticity of the blood streams. Through this combination, many people with coronary heart disease have a significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life.
There is a man in his 50s who has had coronary heart disease for many years. He often feels chest tightness and chest pain, especially when he is tired or emotional. He sought medical attention and tried various treatments, but the results were not satisfactory. Later, he found Director Liang Shijie. Based on his condition, Director Liang formulated a treatment plan for him based on Mao Dongqing and mixed with medications such as Dan Gong and Guizhou. After a period of treatment, the patient's chest tightness and chest pain symptoms were significantly reduced, and the mental state was much better. He said excitedly, "I didn't realize that this little Mao Dongqing could have such a great effect. It really is my lifesaving medicine!"
The scavenger of the respiratory system
In addition to the cardiovascular field, Ilex pubescens also has a unique effect in the treatment of respiratory system disorders. Deng Tietao believes that on the one hand, Mao Ilex can reduce phlegm and stop cough, on the other hand, it can clear away heat and promote blood circulation. For chronic cough, especially those who belong to syndrome of blood stasis according to syndrome differentiation, often combined with Angelica sinensis, Salvia miltiorrhiza and other cooling blood and promoting blood circulation herbs, the effect is clear.
Chronic cough is a common respiratory system disease, patients tend to cough for a long time, seriously affect the quality of life. According to statistics, the sickness rate of chronic cough in our country is about 10%, and it is increasing year by year. In the view of traditional Chinese medicine, the causes of chronic cough are complex, and spitting is a common evidence of this. Mao Dongqing's phlegm-soothing, cough-fighting, and fever-relieving effects address exactly the key problems of this syndrome.
There is a woman in her sixties who has been suffering from chronic cough for many years. She coughed with yellow phlegm with blood silk, flushed face, dark red tongue and yellow greasy fur. The syndrome of blood stasis in TCM is syndrome of phlegm heat and blood stasis. Deng Tietao gave her a formulation based on Mao Dongqing, combined with herbal remedies such as buckwheat and ginseng. After a period of treatment, the patient's cough symptoms were significantly reduced, the amount of sputum was reduced, and there were no more blood lines in the sputum. "After taking so many drugs before, they didn't work," she said, "but this time the formula combined with Mao Tongqing worked so well, which really put me back into a normal life."
The 'villain' of the rheumatic joint
Rheumatic paralysis and rheumatic diseases such as gout arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are also difficult problems that afflict many people. These diseases often lead to pain, swelling and limited movement in the joints, which seriously affects the daily life of the patient. Deng Tietao believes that Mao Dongqing has the effect of healing blood and healing bruises and circulation, and is often used with evidence for rheumatic febrile paralysis.
For gout arthritis, the acute stage is characterized by local red and swollen fever and joint swelling. It is identified as a type of rheumatic fever paralysis. Deng Tietao often combines Wushan mushroom, chrysanthemum, ground buckwheat, and powdered powder with four miracle combinations. Herba Siegesbeckiae has the effect of clearing heat and removing toxicity, Herba Siegesbeckiae has the effect of eliminating rheumatism and joint, Smilax glabra has the effect of eliminating toxin, removing dampness and dredging joint, Rhizoma Dioscoreae has the effect of eliminating dampness and turbid, expelling wind and removing arthralgia. Simiao powder has the effect of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals. These drugs cooperate with Ilex pubescens Thunb to play the role of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, promoting blood circulation and dredging collaterals, detumescence and analgesia.
There was a male patient in his 40s who had been suffering from gout arthritis for many years. Each time he had an attack, his toe joints were red, swollen and sore, and he could not walk normally. He tried various treatments, but none worked well. Later, he found Deng Tietao. Based on his condition, Deng drew up a formulation for him that consisted of Mao Tongqing and herbal remedies such as Wu Shan mushroom and chrysanthemum. After the patient took it, the symptoms were quickly relieved and the pain and swelling of the joints were significantly reduced. He said cheerfully: "Every time I had an attack, I used to be miserable. Now with this remedy, I finally don't have to suffer that sin."
For rheumatoid arthritis, Deng Tietao often compatibility Paeonia, black tiger, Kuanjin rattan, Suberect spatholobus stem, Qiannienjian, Duhuo jisheng decoction together obscured homalomena. Radix paeoniae rubra has the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, dissipating blood stasis and relieving pain; black tiger can dispel wind, remove dampness and promote blood circulation to relieve pain; wide muscle vine can relax the tendons and activate collaterals; suberect spatholobus stem can enrich the blood, activate blood circulation and dredge collaterals to relieve pain; thousand years old health can remove rheumatism and strengthen muscles and bones. Duhuo jisheng decoction has the effect of dispelling rheumatism, relieving arthralgia, benefiting liver and kidney, supplementing qi and blood. These drugs, in concert with Mao Dongqing, can effectively control the development of rheumatoid arthritis, relieve joint pain and swelling, and improve the quality of life of patients.
The Golden Rule for Clinical Applications
Although the efficacy of Mao Dongqing is significant, it also needs to follow certain principles in clinical application. The commonly used clinical dose of Holly is 15-30g, decoction. This dosage range has been summarized through a large number of clinical practice and research, which can ensure the therapeutic effect of the drug and avoid adverse reactions caused by the excessive dosage.
At the same time, when using Mao Dongqing, it is also necessary to diagnose and treat according to the specific condition and physical condition of the patient. Different phenotypes require different combinations of drugs for optimal treatment. For example, when treating cardiovascular disease, if the patient belongs to the type of chest dysfunction and splutter obstruction of the chest, Deng Tietao often supplements with Wu Dan Gong, raw dandelion, sandalwood, and cucumber and almond half-summer soup; When treating rheumatic disease, it is necessary to select the appropriate combination of medicines according to different rheumatic types and symptoms.
Tradition and Innovation: Mao Dongqing's Road to the Future
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Mao Dongqing has been circulated for hundreds of years in the long history of Chinese medicine. It has won the recognition and praise of medical practitioners throughout the generations for its unique efficacy and wide range of applications. However, with the development of modern medicine and the continuous improvement of people's health needs, the research and application of Mao Dongqing also face new challenges and opportunities.
On the one hand, we need to further study the pharmacological action and mechanism of Mao Dongqing to reveal its specific action pathways and targets in the treatment of various diseases. Through modern scientific and technological means, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and so on, the chemical composition and biological activity of Ma Dongqing are comprehensively analyzed to provide a more scientific and accurate basis for the clinical application of Ma Dong Qing.
On the other hand, we also need to explore new doses and uses of Mao Tongqing to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. For example, Mao Dongqing is made into injections, oral fluids, capsules and other dosage forms to facilitate the use of patients; Or the combination of Ilex pubescens and other drugs or treatments to form a comprehensive treatment program to improve the cure rate of the disease.
In addition, it is important to strengthen the conservation of resources and sustainable use of Ilex pubescens. Ilex pubescens mainly grows in the mountainous areas of southern China. Due to over-harvesting and destruction of ecological environment, its wild resources have been seriously threatened. Therefore, we should take effective measures to strengthen the artificial cultivation and conservation of resources to ensure the sustainable use of resources.
Mao Dongqing, the "cardiovascular patron saint" and "many-faced miracle hand" hidden in the treasure trove of Chinese medicine, has made important contributions to the cause of human health with its unique charm and magical effects. In the days ahead, let us continue to carry forward and promote traditional Chinese medicine, delve into the mysteries of Mao Dongqing, and let this ancient Chinese medicine shine even brighter in the new era, bringing health and hope to more patients. Let us all look forward to Mao Dongqing creating more miracles on the stage of traditional Chinese medicine!
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine with an undergraduate degree. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently a researcher at the Shude Tang TCM Research Institute in Beijing, a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance workstation of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023. His work was featured in the journal Current Scientist and the journal Chinese Talent.
来源：老梁谈养生
