摘要：文章的开头往往会引入主题，通过开门见山、设置悬念、引用名言等方式提出核心观点。而结尾则常常对全文进行总结、升华，再次强调主旨。例如在一篇介绍环保的文章中，首段可能会描述当前环境问题的严峻现状，引出环保这一话题；尾段则会呼吁大家行动起来，共同为保护环境贡献力量，

中考英语主旨大意题详解及专练

一、解题技巧

文章的开头往往会引入主题，通过开门见山、设置悬念、引用名言等方式提出核心观点。而结尾则常常对全文进行总结、升华，再次强调主旨。例如在一篇介绍环保的文章中，首段可能会描述当前环境问题的严峻现状，引出环保这一话题；尾段则会呼吁大家行动起来，共同为保护环境贡献力量，这就明确了文章的主旨是倡导环保行动 。

（二）重视各段首句

各段首句通常是该段的中心句，起到概括段落内容的作用。将各段首句串联起来，能清晰地把握文章的结构和脉络，进而提炼出文章主旨。比如一篇论述网络对青少年影响的文章，第一段首句指出网络为青少年提供了丰富的学习资源，第二段首句说明网络社交改变了青少年的交流方式，第三段首句提到网络带来的信息爆炸也给青少年带来了困扰，串联这些首句，可知文章主旨是全面探讨网络对青少年的多方面影响。

（三）分析文章体裁

1. 记叙文：通常通过讲述一个故事，传达某种情感、道理或人生感悟。主旨可能是故事所蕴含的教训、作者的情感体验等 。比如《背影》通过描述父亲在火车站为儿子送别的背影，体现了深沉的父爱。

2. 说明文：旨在介绍事物的特征、性质、功能、发展过程等。主旨就是对说明对象的概括说明，如《中国石拱桥》的主旨是介绍中国石拱桥形式优美、结构坚固、历史悠久的特点。

3. 议论文：会提出论点，并用论据进行论证。主旨就是文章的论点，例如《谈骨气》一文，论点是“我们中国人是有骨气的”，全文围绕此论点展开论述。

（四）排除干扰项

1. 以偏概全：选项只涵盖了文章的部分内容，而非整体主旨。比如文章讨论了运动对身体和心理的双重好处，选项只提及运动对身体的好处，就属于以偏概全。

2. 过度推断：选项内容超出了文章所表达的范围，进行了不合理的推断。文章只是说某种新的教学方法在实验中取得了较好效果，选项却推断这种方法将彻底改变教育现状，这就是过度推断。

3. 无中生有：选项中的内容在文章中没有依据，凭空出现。如文章未提及某个新的科技产品，选项却围绕该产品设置内容，就是无中生有。

二、试题专练

（一）

In the past, people used to travel to foreign countries because they thought they would be different in many ways - the buildings, the food, the national dresses and so on. At present, however, one large city is similar to another. They all have their Hilton or Sheraton Hotels everywhere. They all have their McDonald’s, their KFCs and their Pizza Huts. Office buildings look the same everywhere, and most city centers are full of office buildings. And of course, people are driving the same brands of Japanese or European cars.

Then what is the foreign travel for? What do tourists hope to experience in a foreign country that they can not experience at home? The answer could be that people are very interested in the past. It is a nation’s history and culture that are the main attractions. Most people travel overseas to find out what foreign countries’ history and cultures used to be like, not what they are like today. Tourists try to learn the history and culture of foreign countries by visiting different kinds of museums.

Every country also has its own beautiful places for tourists to visit. Their own special scenery (风景) would certainly attract tourists from other countries.

Finally, there is perhaps a country’s attraction: its people. A country is not just its old buildings, its works of art or beautiful places, it’s also the people who live in it. This is why a country such as Thailand attracts millions of people. The tourists come mainly because of the friendliness of the people there. It is why the Pacific islands are also so popular. The friendly, smiling people make visitors feel welcome.

The 1st paragraph tells us that _______.

A. the buildings are the same in foreign countries

B. cities look similar around the world

C. most people drive cars made in Japan or Europe

D. great changes have taken place in the world

答案：B

解析：第一段主要描述了现在各个大城市很相似，到处都有相同的酒店、快餐店，办公楼相似，人们开着相同品牌的车等，A选项只提到建筑相同，C选项只说车，都太片面，D选项“世界发生巨大变化”不是第一段重点，B选项“世界各地城市看起来相似”符合第一段主旨。

（二）

Do you know how to play a game called “Musical Chairs”? It is easy to play and most people enjoy it. All you need are some chairs, some people and some way of making music. You may use a piano or any other musical instrument, if someone can play it. You may use a tape recorder. You can even use a radio.

Put the chairs in a row. The chairs may be put in twos, back to back. A better way is to have the chairs in one row with each chair facing in the opposite direction to the chair next to it.

The game is easy. When the music starts, the players walk round the chairs. Everyone goes in the same direction, of course, they should walk in time to the music. If the music is fast they should walk quickly. If the music is slow, they should walk slowly.

The person playing music cannot see the people in the game. When the music stops, the players try to sit on the chairs. If a person cannot find a chair to sit on, he drops out. Then, before the music starts again, one chair must be taken away. When the music stops again, one more player will be out.

At last, there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. The game “Musical Chairs” is not difficult to learn.

B. The game “Musical Chairs” needs some chairs, some people and some music.

C. The winner sits on the last chair when the music stops.

D. If the person plays music, he can see the people in the game.

答案：D

解析：根据文章第四段第一句“The person playing music cannot see the people in the game”可知，播放音乐的人不能看到游戏中的人，D选项与原文不符。A选项对应第一段第二句“It is easy to play”；B选项对应第一段第三句“All you need are some chairs, some people and some way of making music”；C选项对应最后一段“At last, there will be two players and one chair. The one who sits on the chair when the music stops is the winner” 。

（三）

In the United States, people like to say “Thank you” when others help them or say something kind to them. People of many other countries do so, too. It is a very good habit.

You should say “Thank you” when someone passes you something on the table, when someone opens the door for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.

“Excuse me” is another short sentence they use. When you hear someone say so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you without touching you. It’s not polite to interrupt (打断) others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say “Excuse me” first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others.

Let’s all learn to say “Thank you” and “Excuse me”.

What is the main idea of this passage?

A. People in the USA like to say “Thank you”.

B. People all over the world like to say “Thank you”.

C. It’s polite to say “Thank you” and “Excuse me”.

D. People should use “Thank you” and “Excuse me” properly.

答案：D

解析：文章不仅介绍了“Thank you”和“Excuse me”这两个表达在不同场景的使用，还强调要学会使用它们，A、B选项只提及“Thank you”，C选项只强调礼貌性，不全面，D选项“人们应该恰当地使用‘Thank you’和‘Excuse me’”符合主旨。

来源：蒙古元素