摘要：In this way, the order value becomes $50 million, and I only need to pay a tariff of $10 million.
# 1. Forward Invoicing Strategy
# 1. 预开发票策略
Ever heard of forward invoicing?
听说过预开发票吗？
Let's assume I'm a US importer and place an order worth $100 million from China.
假设我是一名美国进口商，从中国订购了价值1亿美元的货物。
The tariff is $20 million.
关税是2000万美元。
To avoid this, I place a $100 - million order from China and ask the Chinese side to give me a 50% discount.
为了避税，我从中国订购1亿美元的货物，并要求中方给予50%的折扣。
In this way, the order value becomes $50 million, and I only need to pay a tariff of $10 million.
这样，订单价值就变为5000万美元，我只需支付1000万美元的关税。
I still pay the Chinese side $100 million - $50 million for the price of the imported goods and another $50 million as an advance payment for the next batch.
我仍然向中方支付1亿美元——5000万美元用于支付进口货物的价格，另外5000万美元作为下一批货物的预付款。
A few weeks later, I cancel the advance - payment order, and the Chinese side says, "Regrettably, we cannot refund the advance payment already made."
几周后，我取消预付款订单，中方表示“很遗憾，无法退还已支付的预付款”。
I smile and agree.
我笑着表示同意。
In fact, I have paid $100 million to the Chinese exporter and only paid $10 million in tariffs, saving $10 million.
实际上，我向中国出口商支付了1亿美元，仅支付了1000万美元的关税，节省了1000万美元。
Ultimately, the additional cost per order for my customers ranges from 60 cents to $1,700.
最终，我的客户每单增加的成本在60美分到1700美元之间。
# 2. Obvious Price Advantage
# 2. 价格优势明显
As a US importer, the original cost of this forklift is $11,200.
作为美国进口商，这种叉车原本的成本是11200美元。
Now it is $13,440.
现在则是13440美元。
The cheapest US - made alternative forklift is sold at $31,100.
美国最便宜的同类叉车售价31100美元。
The cheapest German - made alternative forklift is priced at €33,900.
德国最便宜的同类叉车售价33900欧元。
The cheapest Japanese - made alternative forklift is sold at $27,700.
日本最便宜的同类叉车售价27700美元。
So, as a contractor, even with tariffs, I can still save $15,000 by purchasing Chinese forklifts.
所以，作为承包商，即便加上关税，购买中国叉车仍能节省15000美元。
Therefore, I will choose to buy Chinese forklifts. It's as simple as that.
因此，我会选择购买中国叉车，道理就是这么简单。
I only need to quote an extra $60 per job, and after 40 jobs, I can recover the increased cost.
我只需每份工作多报价60美元，完成40份工作后，就能收回增加的成本。
Can you tell the difference between $44.21 per hour and $46.38 per hour?
你能察觉到每小时44.21美元和46.38美元的区别吗？
# 3. Convenient Financing
# 3. 融资便利
China copes with EU tariffs by providing convenient financing.
中国通过提供便捷融资应对欧盟关税。
For example, an electric vehicle originally sold for €18,000 now costs €24,840 due to tariffs.
例如，一辆电动汽车原本售价18000欧元，因关税现在涨到24840欧元。
The dealership provides customers with an additional loan of €6,840, which is to be repaid over 3 years at a very low interest rate (about 1%).
经销商为客户提供额外的6840欧元贷款，分3年偿还，利率极低（约1%）。
The default risk is borne by Chinese electric - vehicle companies such as BYD and Geely.
违约风险由比亚迪、吉利等中国电动汽车企业承担。
So, as a consumer, you need to spend €24,840 to buy a car, but the last €6,840 of it is a separate low - interest loan, and you only need to pay about €225 more per month.
所以，作为消费者，你购买一辆车需花费24840欧元，但其中最后6840欧元是一笔单独的低息贷款，每月只需多支付约225欧元。
In return, Chinese electric - vehicle manufacturers offer you more features, and you will feel that it is definitely worth it.
作为回报，中国电动汽车制造商为你提供更多功能，你会觉得物超所值。
# 4. Transshipment Strategy
# 4. 转运策略
Goods from China are transshipped through Bangladesh, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia, repackaged, and labeled with the origin of these countries.
来自中国的货物经孟加拉国、泰国、老挝和柬埔寨转运，重新包装并贴上这些国家的产地标签。
China has established factories in Laos and Chittagong (Bangladesh) to produce packaging boxes with the words "Made in Laos" or "Made in Bangladesh" printed on them, along with English - printed manuals instead of Chinese ones.
中国在老挝和孟加拉国的吉大港建立工厂，生产印有“老挝制造”或“孟加拉国制造”字样的包装盒，以及英文印刷手册，而非中文。
China ships goods to Laos and Bangladesh, loads them into new boxes, repackages them as "Made in Bangladesh", "Made in Laos", or "Made in Thailand", and then ships them to the United States.
中国将货物运往老挝和孟加拉国，装入新包装盒，重新包装成“孟加拉国制造”“老挝制造”或“泰国制造”，再运往美国。
The cost for importers to repackage and exchange goods is $4.5 for every $100 worth of goods, which is much lower than the $20 tariff for every $100 worth of goods.
进口商每100美元货物的重新包装和换货成本为4.5美元，远低于20美元的关税。
Americans hate paying any form of taxes. (Remember the Boston Tea Party.)
美国人讨厌缴纳任何形式的税款（还记得波士顿倾茶事件吧）。
So they will actively cooperate with the Chinese side and find ways to avoid tariffs and sanctions. There are many ways.
所以他们会积极与中方合作，想方设法规避关税和制裁。办法有很多。
However, this is ultimately a self - defeating behavior. At the press conference during the Two Sessions, the Chinese side asked the United States the following questions:
但这毕竟是一个损人不利己的行为，在两会期间的记者会上，中方向美国提出了以下问题：
In recent years, has the United States benefited from the tariff war and trade war?
近年来，美国从关税战和贸易战中获益了吗？
Has the US trade deficit expanded or shrunk?
美国贸易逆差是扩大了还是缩小了？
Has the competitiveness of the US manufacturing industry increased or decreased?
美国制造业的竞争力是增强了还是减弱了？
Has US inflation improved or worsened?
美国通货膨胀是改善了还是恶化了？
Has the life of the American people improved or worsened?
美国民众的生活是变好了还是变差了？
These questions reflect a sense of fatigue and annoyance, and perhaps also confusion - how can a country that claims to have an excellent economy and be the world leader act so irrationally?
这些问题反映出一种疲惫和恼怒，或许还有困惑——一个宣称自身经济出色且身为世界领导者的国家，行事怎么能如此不理智？
The Two Sessions did not specifically mention the United States. The difficult external situation mentioned in the sessions refers to the situation of the whole world. The concern that Trump's spree of imposing tariffs may harm the world economy was not directly stated. The United States does not occupy a crucial position in China's trade and economic landscape.
两会并未专门提及美国。会议中提到的艰难外部形势，指的是整个世界的状况。特朗普大肆加征关税可能损害世界经济这一担忧，并未直接言明。美国在中国的贸易和经济格局中，并不占据关键地位。
Yes, China is ready to fight back. China has the ability and means to do so. It will fight back in a way it deems appropriate, with careful planning and precise weighing.
没错，中国已做好反击准备。中国有能力、有办法进行反击，会以其认为合适的方式进行反击，且反击是经过精心谋划和精准权衡的。
China does not simply retaliate with tariffs on an equal - footing basis but implements more advantageous tariff measures. China has imposed 10% and 15% tariffs on US coal, crude oil, liquefied natural gas, heavy - engine vehicles, and agricultural and aquatic products, including soybeans. These goods mostly come from states controlled by the Republican Party. China has many alternative sources of supply. China is fully capable of forcing US exporters to bear the tariffs or simply not buying US products. For example, on March 4, China canceled soybean orders from three US companies.
中国并非只是简单地以关税对等还击，而是实施更具优势的关税措施。中国对美国的煤炭、原油、液化天然气、重型发动机车辆以及包括大豆在内的农产品和水产品加征10%和15%的关税。这些商品大多来自共和党控制的州。中国有众多替代供应源。中国完全有能力迫使美国出口商承担关税，或者干脆不购买美国产品。例如，3月4日，中国取消了从3家美国公司进口大豆的订单。
China's countermeasures not only extend to tariffs but also to the field of sanctions. More minerals and dozens of US companies have been placed on China's export control list, dozens more have been placed on its unreliable entity list, many companies are under investigation for monopolistic practices, and China has launched anti - dumping investigations into US fiber - optic products.
中国的反制措施不仅限于关税，还延伸到了制裁领域。更多种矿产以及数十家美国公司被列入中国的出口管制清单，还有数十家被列入不可靠实体清单，多家公司因垄断行为受到调查，中国还对美国光纤产品展开了反倾销调查。
Previously, China had prohibited the export of several key minerals and rare - earth technologies to the United States. US defense contractors are scrambling for the supply of these minerals and are forced to delay projects and deliveries.
此前，中国已禁止向美国出口多种关键矿产和稀土技术。美国国防承包商四处争抢这些矿产供应，被迫推迟项目和交付。
Companies on the export control list need special approval to purchase dual - use and export - controlled goods made in China. Japanese companies have complained that they are unable to purchase such goods and rare - earth minerals on behalf of their US customers. Companies on the unreliable entity list are prohibited from trading with China.
列入出口管制清单的公司若要购买中国生产的两用及出口管制商品，需要获得特别批准。日本企业抱怨无法为美国客户购买此类商品和稀土矿产。被列入不可靠实体清单的公司则被禁止与中国开展贸易。
China hopes to maintain good relations, but if it has to fight, it is willing and able to do so by any necessary means.
中国希望保持良好关系，但如果必须斗争，中国愿意且有能力通过任何必要手段展开斗争。
来源：今涛拍案
