摘要：小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统常驻免疫细胞，在维持神经稳态中至关重要。最新研究显示，小胶质细胞在多发性硬化、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓损伤等神经系统疾病中，小胶质细胞被异常激活，呈现不同表型。小胶质细胞可发挥双重作用，既可通过炎症反应、神经毒性等促病，也能通过碎片吞噬、神
小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统常驻免疫细胞，在维持神经稳态中至关重要。最新研究显示，小胶质细胞在多发性硬化、阿尔茨海默病、脊髓损伤等神经系统疾病中，小胶质细胞被异常激活，呈现不同表型。小胶质细胞可发挥双重作用，既可通过炎症反应、神经毒性等促病，也能通过碎片吞噬、神经营养因子分泌等保护神经。因此，深入探究小胶质细胞在各疾病中的复杂角色，有助于揭示神经系统疾病的发病机制，为精准治疗提供关键靶点。
小胶质细胞在不同疾病及疾病不同阶段作用多样，需综合考虑其激活状态、与其他细胞的互作等，开发针对性治疗策略；同时，调控小胶质细胞功能、优化其微环境，对改善神经系统疾病的预后意义重大。
为此，选择本刊学者2023-2024年发表的小胶质细胞在神经系统疾病中的作用研究热点综述文章5篇，推荐读者阅读。
(1) Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies in depression
小胶质细胞 NLRP3 炎性体介导的神经炎症和抑郁症的治疗策略
Qiuqin Han 1, Wenhui Li 1, Peiqing Chen 1, Lijuan Wang 1, Xiwen Bao 1, Renyan Huang 2, Guobin Liu 2, Xiaorong Chen 3
1 Department of Scientific Research, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China.
2 Department of Traditional Chinese Vascular Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
3 Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi Province, China.
引用本文：
Han Q, Li W, Chen P, Wang L, Bao X, Huang R, Liu G, Chen X. Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and therapeutic strategies in depression. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(9):1890-1898.
正文链接：https://journals.lww.com/nrronline/fulltext/2024/09000/microglial_nlrp3_inflammasome_mediated.16.aspx
(2) Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease
阿尔茨海默病中小胶质细胞与环境风险因素之间的相互作用
Miaoping Zhang , Chunmei Liang, Xiongjin Chen, Yujie Cai, Lili Cui
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.
引用本文：
Zhang M, Liang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Cui L. Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(8):1718-1727.
正文链接：
(3) Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury: role of astrocytes and microglia
脊髓损伤的常驻免疫反应：星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的作用
Sydney Brockie 1 2, Cindy Zhou 1 2, Michael G Fehlings 1 2 3
1 Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
2 Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
3 Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
引用本文：
Brockie S, Zhou C, Fehlings MG. Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury: role of astrocytes and microglia. Neural Regen Res. 2024;19(8):1678-1685.
正文链接：
(4) Microglia depletion as a therapeutic strategy: friend or foe in multiple sclerosis models?
小胶质细胞耗竭作为一种治疗策略：在多发性硬化症模型中是敌是友？
Victoria Sofia Berenice Wies Mancini, Anabella Ayelen Di Pietro, Laura Andrea Pasquini
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Cátedra de Química Biológica Patológica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas Prof. Dr. Alejandro C. Paladini, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
引用本文：
Wies Mancini VSB, Di Pietro AA, Pasquini LA. Microglia depletion as a therapeutic strategy: friend or foe in multiple sclerosis models? Neural Regen Res. 2023;18(2):267-272.
正文链接：
(5) The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
小胶质细胞极化及与中枢神经系统其他细胞串扰在治疗阿尔茨海默病中的作用和潜力
Yi-Ge Wu 1, Li-Juan Song 2, Li-Jun Yin 1, Jun-Jun Yin 3, Qing Wang 1, Jie-Zhong Yu 4, Bao-Guo Xiao 5, Cun-Gen Ma 6
1 The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China.
2 The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province; Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
3 The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
4 Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China.
5 Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
6 The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong; Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China.
引用本文：
Wu YG, Song LJ, Yin LJ, et al. The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res. 2023;18(5):947-954.
正文链接：
来源：中国神经再生研究杂志
