摘要：指诉讼一方当事人向他方当事人或向证人或向知悉案件有关情况的第三人用书面提出有关讼案的问题。被询问者对质询书所提的问题作出回答时一般必须经过宣誓，以表明其回答均为真实。质询书在现在英美民事诉讼的披露程序〔discovery〕中普遍使用，在刑事诉讼中则使用较少。是

Interrogatories 质询书；书面询问

指诉讼一方当事人向他方当事人或向证人或向知悉案件有关情况的第三人用书面提出有关讼案的问题。被询问者对质询书所提的问题作出回答时一般必须经过宣誓，以表明其回答均为真实。质询书在现在英美民事诉讼的披露程序〔discovery〕中普遍使用，在刑事诉讼中则使用较少。是否允许诉讼一方提出质询书一般由法庭自由裁量决定。在美国，当法官要求陪审团作出概括裁断〔general verdict〕，并想了解其裁决的根据时，或在法官要求陪审团作出特别裁断〔special verdict〕时，也可以向陪审团提出质询书，要求陪审团就有关问题作出回答。

In law, interrogatories (also known as requests for further information) are a formal set of written questions propounded by one litigant and required to be answered by an adversary in order to clarify matters of fact and help to determine in advance what facts will be presented at any trial in the case. Interrogatories are used to gain information from the other party relevant to the issues in a lawsuit. The law and issues will differ depending upon the facts of a case and the laws of the jurisdiction in which a lawsuit is filed. For some types of cases there are standard sets of interrogatories available that cover the essential facts, and may be modified for the case in which they are used. 以下为相关例句，可供参考：

例句1

When a lawsuit is filed, the pleadings filed by the parties are intended to let the other parties know what each side intends to prove at trial, and what legal case they have to answer. However, in most cases, the parties will require additional information to fully understand each other's legal and factual claims. The discovery process, including the use of interrogatories, can help the parties obtain that information from each other.

提起诉讼时，当事人提出的诉状是为了让其他当事人知道，每一方在审判时打算证明什么，要回答什么法律案件。然而，在大多数情况下，双方将需要额外的信息来充分理解对方的法律和事实主张。发现过程，包括质询书的使用，可以帮助各方从对方那里获得信息。

例句2

For an example of how interrogatories may be used, in a motor vehicle accident lawsuit an injured plaintiff typically asserts that the defendant driver committed the tort of negligence in causing the accident. To prove negligence, the law requires the injured plaintiff to show that the driver owed them a duty of care and breached it, causing the injury. Assuming that the defendant did not dispute driving a vehicle that was involved in the accident that injured the plaintiff, the case would come down to whether the driver drove in accordance with the standard of a reasonable driver, and whether the injured person's injuries are a foreseeable consequence of the driving.

以下为一个关于如何使用质询书的实例，在一起机动车事故诉讼中，受伤的原告通常声称被告司机在造成事故时有过失侵权行为。为了证明过失，法律要求受害原告证明司机对他们负有注意义务，并违反了这一义务，造成了伤害。假设被告对驾驶造成原告受伤的事故所涉及的车辆没有争议，案件将归结为驾驶员是否按照合理驾驶员的标准驾驶，以及受伤人员的受伤是否是驾驶的可预见后果。

例句3

The parties may use interrogatories to seek information, including concessions as to how the accident occurred, from each other. The injured plaintiff might serve interrogatories on the defendant driver seeking information that would support the plaintiff's theory of the case. If the plaintiff is alleging that the defendant was speeding, the plaintiff might ask the defendant to state the speed of the defendant's vehicle at the time of the accident. If the plaintiff alleges that the defendant failed to control the car properly or failed to pay proper attention to the road and other vehicles, the plaintiff could ask interrogatory questions that would help prove those allegations or require disclosure of the basis of any denial of negligence by the defendant.

双方可以使用质询书向对方寻求信息，包括关于事故如何发生的供认。受伤的原告可能会向被告司机发出质询书，寻求支持原告理论的信息。如果原告指控被告超速行驶，原告可以要求被告陈述事故发生时被告车辆的速度。如果原告指控被告未能适当控制汽车或未能适当注意道路和其他车辆，原告可以提出有助于证明这些指控的询问问题，或要求披露被告否认过失的依据。

例句4

The defense may similarly use interrogatories to help build legal and factual defenses to the plaintiff's case. Continuing with the example of a car accident, the defendant may seek information or concessions from the plaintiff that would suggest that a different driver was partially or wholly responsible for the accident, or that under the facts the accident was unavoidable despite the proper exercise of care.

辩方同样可以使用质询书来帮助原告的案件建立法律和事实上的辩护。继续以一起车祸为例，被告可以向原告寻求信息或供认，以表明另一名司机对事故负有部分或全部责任，或者根据事实，尽管采取了适当的谨慎措施，事故仍不可避免。

来源：天天说教育