物流系统规划与设计（九）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅳ

摘要：物流系统规划与设计的系统分析方法是指在进行规划与设计工作时，要按照系统方法论中处理问题的基本方法，根据系统的概念、构成和性质，把规划对象作为一个系统进行充分了解和分析，再将分析结果加以综合，使之最有效地实现系统的目标，并且将评价方法贯穿于分析与综合过程中。分析

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“物流系统规划与设计（九）：物流系统规划与设计概述Ⅳ”

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"Logistics system Planning and Design (9): Overview of Logistics System Planning and DesignⅣ"

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六、物流系统规划与设计的系统分析方法System Analysis Methods for logistics System Planning and Design

物流系统规划与设计的系统分析方法是指在进行规划与设计工作时，要按照系统方法论中处理问题的基本方法，根据系统的概念、构成和性质，把规划对象作为一个系统进行充分了解和分析，再将分析结果加以综合，使之最有效地实现系统的目标，并且将评价方法贯穿于分析与综合过程中。分析、综合、评价是物流系统规划与设计中处理问题的基本方法。在实际规划与设计工作中，分析、综合、评价的方法往往是同时综合运用的没有很明确的界限，并且要多次反复，知道满意为止。

The system analysis method for logistics system planning and design refers to the fundamental approach of system methodology when dealing with problems. During planning and design, the planning object is thoroughly understood and analyzed as a system, based on its concepts, composition, and properties. The analysis results are then synthesized to most effectively achieve the system's goals. Evaluation methods are integrated throughout the analysis and synthesis process. Analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are the basic methods for addressing problems in logistics system planning and design. In practical planning and design work, these methods are often used Comprehensively and simultaneously, without clear boundaries, and repeated until satisfaction is achieved.

1.分析过程analysis process

分析过程的主要任务是为研制系统搜集必要而足够的信息，并初步拟定出能满足系统要求的多套替代方案，用各种手段和方法分析对象系统的要求、结构及功能等，弄清系统的特性，并考虑到环境、资源、状态等约束条件，建立各种替代方案所需的分析模型，根据评价准则对分析结果进行评价，以得到若干个较为满意的推荐方案。

The main task of the analysis process is to gather the necessary and sufficient information for developing the system, and to initially propose multiple alternative solutions that can meet the system requirements. It involves analyzing the requirements, structure, and functions of the target system using various means and methods, clarifying the system's characteristics, and considering constraints such as environment, resources, and status. Analytical models needed for the various alternative schemes should be established, and the analytical results should be evaluated according to the evaluation criteria in order to obtain several more satisfactory recommended schemes.

此分析过程是以系统整体效益为目标，以寻求解决特定问题的最优策略为重点，运用定性与定量分析方法，给予决策者有价值的信息，以求得到有利的决策。

This analysis process aims at the overall system benefit, focuses on seeking the optimal strategy to solve specific problems, uses qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, and provides decision-makers with valuable information to obtain favorable decisions.

在分析进行过程中,需要考虑五个基本要素：目标、替代方案、模型、指标体系、评价标准。

In the process of analysis, five basic elements need to be considered: objectives, alternatives, models, metrics, and evaluation criteria.

(1)目标：目标是决策的出发点,为了正确获取决策所需的各种有关信息,物流系统分析人员的首要任务就是充分了解建立物流系统的目的和要求，同时还应确定物流系统的构成和范围。

Objective: The objective is the starting point of decision-making. To correctly obtain all relevant information required for decision-making, the primary task of logistics system analysts is to fully understand the purpose and requirements of establishing a logistics system. At the same time, the composition and scope of the logistics system should also be determined.

(2)替代方案：一般情况下,为实现某一目标，总会有几种可采取的方案或手段，这些方案彼此之间可以相互替换。选择一种最合理的方案是物流系统要分析研究和解决的问题。

Alternatives: Generally, to achieve a certain goal, there are always several schemes or methods that can be adopted, and these schemes can be substituted for each other. Choosing the most reasonable scheme is a problem that the logistics system needs to analyze, study, and solve.

(3)模型：模型是系统分析的基本方法，是对实体物流系统抽象的描述。它可以将复杂的问题化为易于处理的形式。在分析过程中，借助于模型可有效地求得物流系统规划设计所需要的参数,并据此确定各种制约条件,同时还可以利用模型来预测各替代方案的性能、成本与效益，有利于对各种替代方案进行分析和比较。

Model: A model is a fundamental method of system analysis and an abstract description of a physical logistics system. It can transform complex problems into manageable forms. During the analysis process, the model can be used to effectively obtain the parameters required for logistics system planning and design, and to determine various constraints accordingly. At the same time, the model can also be used to predict the performance, cost, and benefits of various alternative schemes, which is conducive to analyzing and comparing various alternative schemes.

（4)指标体系：指标是对替代方案进行分析的出发点和衡量总体目标的具体的可以测量的明细项，它是系统目标所涉及的各个方面。费用与效益是最重要的两个指标，它具体又可分为一些可测量的明细指标项。分析阶段就要根据系统的目标来确定具体的明细指标。

Index system: Indicators are the starting point for analyzing alternatives and specific, measurable details for measuring overall goals. They encompass all aspects related to the system's goals. Costs and benefits are the two most important indicators, which can be further divided into some measurable detailed indicator items. The analysis phase determines the specific detailed indicators based on the system's goals.

（5）评价标准：评价标准是物流系统分析中确定各种替代方案优化顺序的依据，是评价方案优劣势的尺度。评价标准根据具体情况而定，费用与效益的比较是评价各方案的基本手段。

Evaluation criteria: Evaluation criteria are the basis for determining the order of optimization of various alternatives in logistics system analysis and the scale for evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of a solution. Evaluation criteria are determined according to specific circumstances, and the comparison of costs and benefits is the basic means of evaluating each solution.

2.综合过程Comprehensive process

系统综合是以分析过程中提出的各种推荐方案为基本，选定系统规划设计的方法，研讨系统分析的结果，收集整理设计数据，为系统分析的每个推荐方案给出总体框架结构、子系统详细设计及方案实现方法，以供评价决策。

System synthesis is based on the various recommended solutions proposed during the analysis process, selects the system planning and design method, discusses the results of the system analysis, collects and organizes design data, and provides an overall framework structure, detailed subsystem design, and solution implementation methods for each recommended solution of the system analysis for evaluation and decision-making.

3.评价过程Evaluation process

系统评价过程是对分析或综合设计出来的可供选择的方案，从技术、经济和环境多视角来综合评价的过程。特别是审核系统综合设计的合理性与实现综合设计方案的风险性，从而选择适当的可能实现的方案。

The system evaluation process is a comprehensive evaluation of analyzed or synthesized design alternatives from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives. It particularly involves reviewing the rationality of the system's integrated design and the risks of implementing the integrated design方案, thereby selecting appropriate and feasible solutions.

具体的工作任务包括设定评价方法，进行方案的费用评估、效益评估、风险评估，在单项评估的基础上进行综合评估，最后通过决策，选择可行的方案。

Specific tasks include setting evaluation methods, conducting cost assessments, benefit assessments, and risk assessments of the schemes, performing comprehensive evaluations based on individual assessments, and finally selecting feasible schemes through decision-making.

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