不能以不定式作宾补的动词四大类,你知道几类及原因吗?

360影视 动漫周边 2025-05-12 11:51 5

摘要:see, hear, watch, notice, find, catch, discover

一、感官动词类(Verbs of Perception)

典型动词‌:

see, hear, watch, notice, find, catch, discover

误用案例‌:

❌ They saw him ‌to enter‌ the room.

✅ They saw him ‌enter/entering‌ the room.

原因‌:

这些动词强调观察到的动作 ‌正在进行‌(用现在分词)或 ‌完成性瞬间动作‌(用不带 to 的不定式)。不定式的“目的性”和“未完成性”与感官动词的“实时感知”语义冲突。

例:

We found a tree ‌lying‌ across the road. (动作被偶然发现时正在进行)

二、心理状态动词类(Mental State Verbs)

典型动词‌:

excuse, forgive, suggest, enjoy

误用案例‌:

❌ Forgive me ‌to interrupt‌ you.

✅ Forgive me ‌for interrupting‌ you.

原因‌:

此类动词需通过 ‌介词短语‌(而非不定式)引出动作原因或对象,因语义上强调 ‌责任归属‌ 或 ‌情感关联‌。直接接不定式会导致逻辑断裂。

对比:

中文“原谅某人做某事”需译为 ‌excuse sb. for doing‌,而非 excuse sb. to do。

三、被动使役动词(Passive Causative Verbs)

典型动词‌:

have, get

误用案例‌:

❌ She had her assistant ‌to prepare‌ the report.

✅ She had her assistant ‌prepare‌ the report. (主动使役用不带 to 不定式)

✅ She got the report ‌prepared‌ by her assistant. (被动使役用过去分词)

原因‌:

have/get 的使役结构中,‌主动行为‌用不带 to 不定式(强调直接指令),‌被动结果‌用过去分词。使用带 to 不定式会混淆主动与被动语义层级。

四、双宾语授予动词(Dative Verbs with Prepositions)

典型动词‌:

give, offer, send

误用案例‌:

❌ He gave his son ‌to read‌ a book.

✅ He gave a book ‌to his son‌ to read. (用介词短语明确间接宾语)

原因‌:

此类动词需通过 ‌to/for‌ 介词短语引出动作接受者,若直接用不定式作宾补会导致逻辑混乱(无法区分直接宾语与动作内容)。

来源:闽闽课堂

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