摘要：《国际研究评论》（Review of International Studies）是由剑桥大学出版社代表英国国际研究协会出版且同行评审的国际关系学术期刊，其前身为British Journal of International Studies(1975 - 1

期刊简介

《国际研究评论》（Review of International Studies）是由剑桥大学出版社代表英国国际研究协会出版且同行评审的国际关系学术期刊，其前身为British Journal of International Studies(1975 - 1980) 。该期刊致力于反映全球政治的性质变化和新兴的政治挑战，旨在为国际社会搭建一个可供辩论的平台用以讨论当下紧迫的全球议题。过去五年综合影响因子为3.6。

本期目录

1 揭露语言帝国主义：为什么全球国际关系（IR）必须是多语言的

Exposing linguistic imperialism: Why global IR has to be multilingual

2 国际关系中的视觉观察：关注力、细致描述与不同视角的政治

Visual (data) observation in International Relations: Attentiveness, close description, and the politics of seeing differently

3 导航当代电视中的核叙事：《BBC警戒线》

Navigating nuclear narratives in contemporary television: The BBC’s Vigil

4 铭刻安全：泽连斯基自拍的案例

Inscribing security: The case of Zelensky’s selfies

5 “抗疫如抗敌”：越南早期新冠疫情安全化中的公众能动性与历史资源

‘Chống dịch như chống giặc’ (‘Fighting the pandemic like fighting the invader’): Audience agency and historical resources in Vietnam’s early securitisation of Covid-19

6 宣传者是战斗人员吗？分析战争中宣传者的伦理地位

Are propagandists combatants? Analysing the ethical status of propagandists in warfare

7 国际思想家的影像

Images of international thinkers

内容摘要

揭露语言帝国主义：为什么全球国际关系（IR）必须是多语言的

题目：Exposing linguistic imperialism: Why global IR has to be multilingual

作者简介：Ersel Aydinli，土耳其安卡拉比尔肯特大学国际关系系教授，研究领域包括国际关系理论、全球化与安全、恐怖主义以及土耳其国内和外交政策；Julie Aydinli，土耳其安卡拉社会科学大学外语学院院长。

摘要：国际关系（IR）中长期存在的“核心”霸权的一个关键特征是语言上的，但这一点却是最少被探索和面对的，即便是今天的“全球IR”讨论也毫无质疑地使用英语进行。然而，非英语的IR世界在人口和智力上都是庞大的，全球IR不能忽视它。本研究认为，英语在IR知识生产和传播中的主导地位是英语核心与非英语边缘之间依赖关系的支柱。研究进一步认为，通过同化方式，这种语言单边主义在结构上实现均质化，并以帝国主义的方式阻碍了边缘地区原创贡献的潜力。本研究考察了来自39个边缘国家的135本期刊，以评估其中英语主导的程度和性质。研究探讨了出版语言与排名之间的关系，并分析引用情况，以了解语言是否对在核心地区被引用有关键影响。本文以对机构、个人和知识渠道的建议作为结论，包括呼吁更大的多语主义（尽管这可能带来狭隘和地方主义的风险），这对于边缘概念的发展以及融入更广泛的“核心”是必要的，也是遏制语言单边主义的帝国主义影响、鼓励IR真正全球化所必需的阶段。

A key feature of the long-observed ‘core’ hegemony in International Relations (IR) is a linguistic one, yet it remains the least explored and confronted, with even today’s ‘Global IR’ discussion unquestioningly taking place in English. However, the non-English IR world is demographically and intellectually immense, and global IR cannot afford to ignore it. This study argues that English dominance in IR knowledge production and dissemination is a pillar of a dependent relationship between an English-speaking core and a non-English periphery. It further argues that this linguistic unilateralism, through assimilation, is structurally homogenising, and impedes the periphery’s original contribution potential in an imperialistic manner. This study examines 135 journals from 39 countries in the linguistic periphery to assess the degree and nature of English dominance in them. It explores the relationship between publication language and ranking and analyses citations to understand whether language matters for being cited in the core. We conclude with recommendations for institutions, individuals, and knowledge outlets, including a call for greater multilingualism, which – though a possible risk for parochialism and provincialism – is necessary for periphery concept development and incorporation into a broadened ‘core’, and a necessary stage to curbing the imperialistic impact of linguistic unilateralism and encouraging a genuine globalisation of IR.

国际关系中的视觉观察：关注力、细致描述与不同视角的政治

题目：Visual (data) observation in International Relations: Attentiveness, close description, and the politics of seeing differently

作者简介：Jonathan Luke Austin，丹麦哥本哈根大学副教授；Isabel Bramsen, 瑞典隆德大学政治科学系副教授，和平与冲突研究主任，主要研究为外交、非暴力抵抗和对话与冲突解决。

摘要：视觉国际关系（IR）是否已与视觉艺术品的内容变得过于疏远？这是一个矛盾的问题。视觉IR是一个充满活力和多元的领域，以无数方式探索视觉元素。然而，该领域倾向于对视觉艺术品的社会政治含义进行“深入”解读，却牺牲了对它们所描绘的事件、情境或现象的细致和专注的观察与描述。简而言之，视觉IR通常将视觉元素作为视觉本身来分析，而不是将其视为研究社会世界的切入点。但是，一段酷刑的视频能否教会我们关于酷刑的实际操作？一段和平谈判的视频能否让我们了解其成功或失败之处？我们能否在视觉中获得对“现实”的一瞥？本文通过以下方式回答这些问题：首先，将焦点定位在与文献中现有对深入解读的关注进行概念对话的“视觉观察”上；其次，概述了在国际关系之外部署的视觉观察的三种方法；第三，解析这些方法对国际关系可能具有的价值，特别是与实践、物质性和话语研究相关；最后，本文通过探讨视觉数据观察是否能够保留其批判性的政治潜力来得出结论。

Has Visual International Relations (IR) become too distant from the content of visual artefacts? This is a paradoxical question. Visual IR is a vibrant and pluralist field exploring visuals in innumerable ways. Nonetheless, the field tends to focus on ‘deep’ readings of the socio-political implications of visual artefacts at the expense of a close and attentive observation and description of the events, situations, or phenomena they may depict. Simply put, visual IR usually analyses visuals-as-visuals rather than seeing them as entry points for studying the social world. But might a video of torture teach us something about the practicality of torture? Might a video of peace negotiations teach us something about their successes or failures? Can we gain a fleeting glimpse of ‘reality’ within visuals? We address these questions by first situating our focus on close ‘visual (data) observation’ in conceptual conversation with the literature’s existing focus on deep interpretation. Second, we outline three approaches to visual observation as they are deployed outside IR. Third, we unpack how those approaches might be of value for IR, especially vis-à-vis the study of practice, materiality, and discourse. Finally, we conclude by asking if visual data observation can retain critical political potentiality.

导航当代电视中的核叙事：《BBC警戒线》

题目：Navigating nuclear narratives in contemporary television: The BBC’s Vigil

作者简介：Emily Faux，英国纽卡斯尔大学博士候选人。

摘要：本文探讨了BBC电视剧情《警戒线》（Vigil, 2021），作为构建公众对核武器认知的重要场所。在此过程中，文章不仅超越了以话语为导向的研究方法，还探索了核话语如何在视觉传播、日常接触和大众想象中表现出来。通过对《警戒线》的细致解读，本文质疑了安全、和平与威慑的概念，揭示了该剧如何（偶尔）挑战传统话语的同时，也再现了性别化和种族化的核武器政治表现。这一探索提出了核决策责任、反核活动家的描绘以及核武器作为和平与毁灭双重能动者的呈现等问题。尽管BBC剧集再现了现有的（且有问题的）话语，但它也提供了一个批判性参与的“思考空间”。在当前的地缘政治背景下，本文强调了研究当代核武器表现的紧迫性，以及挑战传统冷战视角的学术研究的必要性。

This article explores the BBC television drama Vigil(2021) as a significant site for the construction of public knowledge about nuclear weapons. In doing so, it extends beyond discourse-oriented approaches to explore how nuclear discourses manifest in visual communication, everyday encounters, and popular imagination. In a close reading of Vigil, this article questions concepts of security, peace, and deterrence, revealing how the series (occasionally) challenges conventional discourses while reproducing gendered and racialised representations of nuclear weapons politics. The exploration asks questions of responsibility for nuclear decision-making, the portrayal of anti-nuclear activists, and the depiction of nuclear weapons as agents of both peace and destruction. While the BBC series reproduces existing (and problematic) discourses, it also provides a ‘thinking space’ for critical engagement. Amid the current geopolitical landscape, this article emphasises the urgency of studying contemporary representations of nuclear weapons and the need for scholarship that challenges traditional Cold War perspectives.

铭刻安全：泽连斯基自拍的案例

题目：Inscribing security: The case of Zelensky’s selfies

作者简介：Håvard Rustad Markussen，瑞典国防大学政治学与法学系博士毕业生。

摘要：国际关系（IR）中的“视觉转向”学术研究承认新信息与通信技术对图像生产和传播的重要性，但缺乏对这些技术本身及其如何与人类互动、在视觉安全生产中发挥作用的深入探讨。本文将视觉转向与科学与技术研究（STS）相结合，运用拉图尔和伍尔加的“铭刻”概念，展示了视觉艺术品的生产及其安全效果如何受到人类与设备互动的制约。本文提出，视觉艺术品的表现力不仅取决于其内容和质量，还取决于影响其生成的特定的人与设备之间的关系。为说明这一点，本文将智能手机理论化为一种铭刻设备，将自拍视为一种铭刻实践，并分析了泽连斯基在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后的前几天所发布的自拍视频案例。自拍通过独特的方式调动了指示性、构图和反射等摄影特性，赋予安全问题意义。具体来说，自拍将图像聚焦于其生产者的沟通行为，并利用人类与设备之间的关系，唤起即时性、真实性和亲密感的情感。

‘Visual turn’ scholarship in International Relations (IR) acknowledges the importance of new information and communication technology for the production and circulation of images but lacks sustained engagement with the technologies themselves and how they interact with humans in the visual production of security. This article brings the visual turn into conversation with Science and Technology Studies (STS) and mobilises Latour and Woolgar’s notion of inscription to show how the production of visual artefacts and their security effects are conditioned by human/device interaction. It advances the argument that the representational force of a visual artefact is dependent not only on the content and quality of the artefact itself, but also on the specific human/device relations that condition its production. To illustrate this, the article theorises the smartphone as an inscription device and the selfie as an inscription practice and analyses the case of Zelensky’s selfie videos from the first few days after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Selfies inscribe meaning to security issues by mobilising the photographic affordances of indexicality, composition, and reflection in unique ways. Specifically, they focus images on the communicative acts of their producers and play on the relationship between human and device to invoke feelings of immediacy, authenticity, and intimacy.

“抗疫如抗敌”：越南早期新冠疫情安全化中的公众能动性与历史资源

题目：‘Chống dịch như chống giặc’ (‘Fighting the pandemic like fighting the invader’): Audience agency and historical resources in Vietnam’s early securitisation of Covid-19

作者简介：Xuan Dung Phan，新加坡尤索夫-伊萨克东南亚研究所越南研究项目研究员；Say Jye Quah，英国剑桥大学政治与国际关系系博士研究生；Minh Son To，新加坡南洋理工大学公共政策与全球事务系研究助理。

摘要：越南对新冠疫情的初步反应因多种原因而引人注目，其中包括其安全化尝试深刻借鉴了越南经验特定的历史叙事、符号和传统，以及安全化项目并非单纯的自上而下的国家驱动，还展现了自下而上的参与，其中公众被动员起来参与并积极重申安全化实践。这个关于越南社会和政治运作的丰富实证案例研究开启了围绕安全化理论的重要讨论。通过反思该案例的实证材料，本文建立在寻求突出哥本哈根学派安全化模型不足的学术研究之上，并进一步探索安全化理论及其局限性。本文着眼于安全化理论中对受众及其能动性的概念化，提出“历史资源”和“激活架构”两个概念，以更充分地解释安全化过程。

Vietnam’s initial response to Covid-19 was conspicuous for various reasons, including how its attempt at securitisation drew deeply from historical narratives, symbols, and traditions specific to the Vietnamese experience, as well as how the securitisation project was not simply top-down and state-driven but also featured ground-up participation where the public was mobilised to participate in and actively reiterate securitisation practices. This richly textured empirical case study of the workings of Vietnamese society and politics represents an invitation to explore key debates surrounding securitisation theory. Reflecting on the empirical material of the case, this paper builds on scholarship seeking to highlight the shortcomings of the Copenhagen School’s model of securitisation and from there further explore securitisation theory and its limits. It takes aim at how the audience and its agency is conceptualised in the theory and develops the notions of ‘historical resources’ and ‘activation architecture’ to more adequately explain the processes of securitisation.

宣传者是战斗人员吗？分析战争中宣传者的伦理地位

题目：Are propagandists combatants? Analysing the ethical status of propagandists in warfare

作者简介：Marie Robin，法国巴黎大学潘提翁-阿萨斯大学修昔底德中心博士后研究员。

摘要：交战方越来越依赖媒体操控、宣传和传播来获得冲突中的战略优势。鉴于平民宣传者在为冲突一方创造战术或战略优势方面的明确角色，是否应将这些宣传者视为战斗人员，因此是否可以因为其活动而合法地成为攻击目标？本文克服了传统的二元区分框架，主张宣传者是间接参与的平民，即在冲突中不能被故意或直接杀害的参与者。由于其活动，本文认为，宣传者应承担低于致命伤害的风险，文章识别了三种类型的伤害（财产损毁、自由剥夺、孤立）。随后，文章提出了一个必要标准——必要性——来决定是否对宣传者施加低于致命的伤害。接着，文章创建了四个新的标准——代理权剥夺、虚假、影响、满足——作为评估标准，用以决定宣传者可能面临的最大伤害程度。通过这一论证，本文为正义战争文献做出了贡献，提出了一种新颖的方法来评估一个高度多样化且无疑具有影响力的战争参与者类别的伦理地位：那些在军事领域之外进行“媒体战”的人。

Belligerents increasingly rely on media manipulation, propaganda, and communication to attain strategic advantages in conflict. Given the civilian propagandists’ clear role in creating tactical or strategic advantages for one side in the conflict, should these propagandists be considered combatants, and can they therefore be legitimately targeted because of their activities? This article overcomes traditional binary frameworks of distinction to argue that propagandists are indirectly participating civilians, i.e. participants who cannot be intentionally or directly killed in conflict. Because of their activities, propagandists, it argues, are liable to less-than-lethal harm, of which it identifies three types (destruction of property, privation of liberty, isolation). The article then proposes a necessary criterion – necessity – to decide if less-than-lethal harm is warranted against propagandists. It then creates four new criteria – denial of agency, falsehood, influence, gratification – to serve as assessment criteria able to decide what degree of harm a propagandist may maximally face. In making this argument, the article contributes to just war literature by proposing a novel way to evaluate the ethical status of a highly diverse, yet undoubtedly influential, category of war participants: those who undertake the ‘media battle’, outside of the military.

国际思想家的影像

题目：Images of international thinkers

作者简介：Patricia Owens，英国牛津大学国际关系学教授，研究兴趣包括20世纪国际历史和理论、英美反叛乱和军事干预的历史和当代实践，以及学科史和国际政治思想史。

摘要：本文分析了三位国际思想家——默兹·塔特、马杰里·珀哈姆和苏珊·斯特兰奇——的摄影肖像，以新的视角揭示国际关系（IR）学科和思想史。摄影肖像无处不在，女性主义思想复兴项目也倾向于采用摄影表现。但国际关系史学家却忽视了肖像。本文首次将国际关系两个繁荣的子领域——视觉研究和国际思想史——结合起来，展示了分析国际思想家肖像在理论和历史上的收获。当与其他原始和二手资料一起阅读时，肖像能够开启看待国际关系史和特定思想家的新方式，为关于国际思想专业、性别和种族化背景的新叙事提供了独特而强大的资源。

This article analyses photographic portraits of three international thinkers – Merze Tate, Margery Perham, and Susan Strange – to shed new light on the intellectual and disciplinary history of Internationa Relations (IR). Photographic portraits are ubiquitous, and feminist intellectual recovery projects lend themselves to photographic representation. But IR’s historians have neglected portraits. Drawing together two thriving IR subfields for the first time, visual studies and international intellectual history, this article demonstrates the theoretical and historical gains from analysing portraits of international thinkers. When read alongside other primary and secondary sources, portraits can enable new ways of seeing IR’s history and specific thinkers, offering a distinctive and powerful resource for new narratives about the professional, gendered, and racialised contexts of international thought.

译者：常靖婧，国政学人编译员，日内瓦高级国际关系与发展研究院，研究兴趣为粮食能源/环境交叉全球治理。

审校 | 赖永祯

排版 | 崔笑蓉

本文源于《国际研究评论》, Vol. 50, No. 6, November 2024，本文为公益分享，服务于科研教学，不代表本平台观点。如有疏漏，欢迎指正。

来源：国政学人